Neuro Exam Flashcards
Frontal lobe lesion
“A CEO of the body”
Aphasia: broca’s
Controls plan, programming, movement
Emotional, behavior control, personality affected
Olfaction affected
Temporal lobe lesion
Hearing
Language comprehension
Aphasia: Wernicke’s
Broca’s aphasia
Frontal lobe
“Broken”, Expressive, Non-fluent
Slow, hesitant speech
Incomplete sentences
“B.E.N. has Broca’s”
Treatment - yes/no questions
Wernicke’s aphasia
Temporal lobe
Receptive, fluent
Patient cannot comprehend - does not receive information
Word salad - made up words
Treatment - gestures and demonstration
Parietal lobe lesion
Perceptual disorders (unilateral neglect)
Sensory loss
R parietal lobe - left side neglect
Perceptual disorders are typically caused by the R brain
Occipital lobe lesion
visual loss
O-SEE-pital
Cranial nerves location
CE MI PONS MEDU
CE: 1,2
MI: 3,4
PONS: 5,6,7,8
MEDU: 9,10,11,12
CN I
Olfactory
Sensory
Function: Sense of smell
Affected: anosmia
CN II
Optic
Sensory
Function: vision (color, acuity/clarity, peripheral vision, pupillary light reflex)
Affected: blindness, myopia (shortsightedness), presbyopia (farsightedness)
Pupillary light reflex
CN 2 - receives signal, sensory/afferent
CN 3 - constricts pupil, efferent, motor
Both eyes abnormal constriction = CN 2 lesion (shine light R, no constriction = R CN 2)
One eye abnormal constriction = CN 3 lesion on the side effected (R eye deficit = R CN 3)
CN III
Oculomotor
Motor
Mvmt: up, down, in, up & in
Function: movement of eyeball, opens eyelids, constricts pupils
Affected: lateral drift strabismus, ptosis, dilation of pupils
CN IV
Trochlear
Motor
Function: look down and in (#4 looking at NOSE - 4 letters)
Affected: lateral/up drift strabismus
CN VI
Abducens
Motor
Function: look outwards (abducts eye)
Affected: medial drift strabismus
CN V
Trigeminal
Both/mixed
Function: sensation to face, corneal reflex afferent, sensation (S = 5) to anterior 2/3 of tongue, dampens sounds
tri-CHEW-minal
Complements facial nerve
CN VII
Facial
Both/mixed
Function: mvmt of face (except opening eyelids and chewing), corneal reflex efferent, taste (T = 7) to anterior 2/3 of tongue, dampens sound
Test: raise eyebrows, smile, puff cheeks
Complements trigeminal nerve
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Function: balance, coordination, and hearing
Test: finger to nose, hearing tests, balance tests
Affected: conductive or sensorineural hearing loss
Diagnose hearing loss: type vs side
Step 1: Rinne’s test: TYPE, conductive vs sensorineural
Step 2: Weber’s test: SIDE
Rinne’s test
TYPE of hearing loss
Air conduction vs bone conduction
Tuning fork on mastoid process until pt cannot hear, then continued next to ear
AC > BC = normal or sensorineural
BC > AC = conduction loss
Weber’s test
SIDE of hearing loss
Place tuning fork on top of pt head
Normal = heard equal on both sides
Sensorineural loss = heard louder in normal ear
Conduction loss: heard louder in affected ear
CANS
Conductive = louder AFFECTED
Sensorineural = louder NORMAL
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
Both/mixed
Function: gag reflex afferent, ability to swallow, posterior 1/3 tongue taste and sensation
Complements vagus nerve
CN X
Vagus
Both/mixed
Function: gag reflex efferent (moves uvula)
Affected: uvula deviates to CL side
Complements glossopharyngeal nerve
CN XII
Hypoglossal
Motor
Function: moves tongue
Affected: tongue deviates to side of lesion (R deviation = R CN lesion)
CN XI
Accessory
Motor
Function: innervation to trapezius and SCM
Frontal lobe function
Motor control (premotor cortex)
Problem solving (prefrontal area)
Speech production (Broca’s area)
