Neuro Exam

Question 1

Frontal lobe lesion

Answer 1

“A CEO of the body”

Aphasia: broca’s
Controls plan, programming, movement
Emotional, behavior control, personality affected
Olfaction affected

Question 2

Temporal lobe lesion

Answer 2

Hearing
Language comprehension
Aphasia: Wernicke’s

Question 3

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 3

Frontal lobe
“Broken”, Expressive, Non-fluent
Slow, hesitant speech
Incomplete sentences

“B.E.N. has Broca’s”

Treatment - yes/no questions

Question 4

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 4

Temporal lobe
Receptive, fluent
Patient cannot comprehend - does not receive information
Word salad - made up words

Treatment - gestures and demonstration

Question 5

Parietal lobe lesion

Answer 5

Perceptual disorders (unilateral neglect)
Sensory loss

R parietal lobe - left side neglect

Perceptual disorders are typically caused by the R brain

Question 6

Occipital lobe lesion

Answer 6

visual loss

O-SEE-pital

Question 7

Cranial nerves location

Answer 7

CE MI PONS MEDU

CE: 1,2
MI: 3,4
PONS: 5,6,7,8
MEDU: 9,10,11,12

Question 8

CN I

Answer 8

Olfactory
Sensory

Function: Sense of smell
Affected: anosmia

Question 9

CN II

Answer 9

Optic
Sensory

Function: vision (color, acuity/clarity, peripheral vision, pupillary light reflex)
Affected: blindness, myopia (shortsightedness), presbyopia (farsightedness)

Question 10

Pupillary light reflex

Answer 10

CN 2 - receives signal, sensory/afferent

CN 3 - constricts pupil, efferent, motor

Both eyes abnormal constriction = CN 2 lesion (shine light R, no constriction = R CN 2)

One eye abnormal constriction = CN 3 lesion on the side effected (R eye deficit = R CN 3)

Question 11

CN III

Answer 11

Oculomotor
Motor

Mvmt: up, down, in, up & in

Function: movement of eyeball, opens eyelids, constricts pupils

Affected: lateral drift strabismus, ptosis, dilation of pupils

Question 12

CN IV

Answer 12

Trochlear
Motor

Function: look down and in (#4 looking at NOSE - 4 letters)

Affected: lateral/up drift strabismus

Question 13

CN VI

Answer 13

Abducens
Motor

Function: look outwards (abducts eye)

Affected: medial drift strabismus

Question 14

CN V

Answer 14

Trigeminal
Both/mixed

Function: sensation to face, corneal reflex afferent, sensation (S = 5) to anterior 2/3 of tongue, dampens sounds

tri-CHEW-minal
Complements facial nerve

Question 15

CN VII

Answer 15

Facial
Both/mixed

Function: mvmt of face (except opening eyelids and chewing), corneal reflex efferent, taste (T = 7) to anterior 2/3 of tongue, dampens sound

Test: raise eyebrows, smile, puff cheeks

Complements trigeminal nerve

Question 16

CN VIII

Answer 16

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory

Function: balance, coordination, and hearing

Test: finger to nose, hearing tests, balance tests

Affected: conductive or sensorineural hearing loss

Question 17

Diagnose hearing loss: type vs side

Answer 17

Step 1: Rinne’s test: TYPE, conductive vs sensorineural

Step 2: Weber’s test: SIDE

Question 18

Rinne’s test

Answer 18

TYPE of hearing loss

Air conduction vs bone conduction

Tuning fork on mastoid process until pt cannot hear, then continued next to ear

AC > BC = normal or sensorineural

BC > AC = conduction loss

Question 19

Weber’s test

Answer 19

SIDE of hearing loss

Place tuning fork on top of pt head

Normal = heard equal on both sides

Sensorineural loss = heard louder in normal ear

Conduction loss: heard louder in affected ear

CANS
Conductive = louder AFFECTED
Sensorineural = louder NORMAL

Question 20

CN IX

Answer 20

Glossopharyngeal
Both/mixed

Function: gag reflex afferent, ability to swallow, posterior 1/3 tongue taste and sensation

Complements vagus nerve

Question 21

CN X

Answer 21

Vagus
Both/mixed

Function: gag reflex efferent (moves uvula)

Affected: uvula deviates to CL side

Complements glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 22

CN XII

Answer 22

Hypoglossal
Motor

Function: moves tongue
Affected: tongue deviates to side of lesion (R deviation = R CN lesion)

Question 23

CN XI

Answer 23

Accessory
Motor

Function: innervation to trapezius and SCM

Question 24

Frontal lobe function

Answer 24

Motor control (premotor cortex)
Problem solving (prefrontal area)
Speech production (Broca’s area)

Question 25

Temporal lobe function

Answer 25

Auditory processing (hearing)
Language comprehension (wernicke’s area)
Memory/information retrieval

Question 26

Parietal lobe function

Answer 26

Touch perception (somatosensory cortex)
Body orientation and sensory discrimination

Question 27

Occipital lobe function

Answer 27

Sight (visual cortex)
Visual reception and interpretation

Question 28

Cerebellum function

Answer 28

Balance and coordination

Question 29

Brainstem function

Answer 29

involuntary responses