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NPTE > Neuro Exam > Flashcards

Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal lobe lesion

A

“A CEO of the body”

Aphasia: broca’s
Controls plan, programming, movement
Emotional, behavior control, personality affected
Olfaction affected

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2
Q

Temporal lobe lesion

A

Hearing
Language comprehension
Aphasia: Wernicke’s

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3
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Frontal lobe
“Broken”, Expressive, Non-fluent
Slow, hesitant speech
Incomplete sentences

“B.E.N. has Broca’s”

Treatment - yes/no questions

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4
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Temporal lobe
Receptive, fluent
Patient cannot comprehend - does not receive information
Word salad - made up words

Treatment - gestures and demonstration

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5
Q

Parietal lobe lesion

A

Perceptual disorders (unilateral neglect)
Sensory loss

R parietal lobe - left side neglect

Perceptual disorders are typically caused by the R brain

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6
Q

Occipital lobe lesion

A

visual loss

O-SEE-pital

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7
Q

Cranial nerves location

A

CE MI PONS MEDU

CE: 1,2
MI: 3,4
PONS: 5,6,7,8
MEDU: 9,10,11,12

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8
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory
Sensory

Function: Sense of smell
Affected: anosmia

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9
Q

CN II

A

Optic
Sensory

Function: vision (color, acuity/clarity, peripheral vision, pupillary light reflex)
Affected: blindness, myopia (shortsightedness), presbyopia (farsightedness)

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10
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A

CN 2 - receives signal, sensory/afferent

CN 3 - constricts pupil, efferent, motor

Both eyes abnormal constriction = CN 2 lesion (shine light R, no constriction = R CN 2)

One eye abnormal constriction = CN 3 lesion on the side effected (R eye deficit = R CN 3)

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11
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor
Motor

Mvmt: up, down, in, up & in

Function: movement of eyeball, opens eyelids, constricts pupils

Affected: lateral drift strabismus, ptosis, dilation of pupils

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12
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear
Motor

Function: look down and in (#4 looking at NOSE - 4 letters)

Affected: lateral/up drift strabismus

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13
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens
Motor

Function: look outwards (abducts eye)

Affected: medial drift strabismus

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14
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal
Both/mixed

Function: sensation to face, corneal reflex afferent, sensation (S = 5) to anterior 2/3 of tongue, dampens sounds

tri-CHEW-minal
Complements facial nerve

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15
Q

CN VII

A

Facial
Both/mixed

Function: mvmt of face (except opening eyelids and chewing), corneal reflex efferent, taste (T = 7) to anterior 2/3 of tongue, dampens sound

Test: raise eyebrows, smile, puff cheeks

Complements trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory

Function: balance, coordination, and hearing

Test: finger to nose, hearing tests, balance tests

Affected: conductive or sensorineural hearing loss

17
Q

Diagnose hearing loss: type vs side

A

Step 1: Rinne’s test: TYPE, conductive vs sensorineural

Step 2: Weber’s test: SIDE

18
Q

Rinne’s test

A

TYPE of hearing loss

Air conduction vs bone conduction

Tuning fork on mastoid process until pt cannot hear, then continued next to ear

AC > BC = normal or sensorineural

BC > AC = conduction loss

19
Q

Weber’s test

A

SIDE of hearing loss

Place tuning fork on top of pt head

Normal = heard equal on both sides

Sensorineural loss = heard louder in normal ear

Conduction loss: heard louder in affected ear

CANS
Conductive = louder AFFECTED
Sensorineural = louder NORMAL

20
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal
Both/mixed

Function: gag reflex afferent, ability to swallow, posterior 1/3 tongue taste and sensation

Complements vagus nerve

21
Q

CN X

A

Vagus
Both/mixed

Function: gag reflex efferent (moves uvula)

Affected: uvula deviates to CL side

Complements glossopharyngeal nerve

22
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal
Motor

Function: moves tongue
Affected: tongue deviates to side of lesion (R deviation = R CN lesion)

23
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory
Motor

Function: innervation to trapezius and SCM

24
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

Motor control (premotor cortex)
Problem solving (prefrontal area)
Speech production (Broca’s area)

25
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Auditory processing (hearing)
Language comprehension (wernicke’s area)
Memory/information retrieval

26
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

Touch perception (somatosensory cortex)
Body orientation and sensory discrimination

27
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

Sight (visual cortex)
Visual reception and interpretation

28
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Balance and coordination

29
Q

Brainstem function

A

involuntary responses

NPTE (10 decks)

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