Cardio Examination Flashcards
Heart rate and cardiac output increases with exercise
Increases linearly with increasing work rate
Reaches plateau at 100% VO2max
Blood pressure increases with exercise
Mean arterial pressure increases linearly
- systolic BP increases
- diastolic BP remains fairly constant (+/- 10mmHg)
Rate pressure product (RPP) aka double pressure product
Myocardial O2 demand
HR x SBP
Blood pressure guidelines: normal
Less than 120/80 mmHg
Blood pressure guidelines: elevated
Systolic 120-129 AND diastolic less than 80
Blood pressure guidelines: stage 1
Systolic 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89
Blood pressure guidelines: stage 2
systolic at least 140 OR diastolic at least 90
Blood pressure guidelines: hypertensive crisis
Systolic >180 AND/OR diastolic >120
Patient requires prompt change in medications if no other indications of problems
or immediate hospitalization if there are signs of organ damage
Sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
increases HR, BP
Parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest
decreases HR, BP
Steady state exercise
Initially, ATP is produced by anaerobic pathways and after steady state is reaching ATP is produced aerobically. O2 volume needs to be sufficient to meet ATP demands.
Physiologic changes at altitude with exercise: initial exposure
HR - increases
BP - increases
CO - increases
SV - no change
Physiologic changes at altitude with exercise: acclimatization
HR - increases
BP - normal
CO - normal
SV - decreases
stroke volume
the amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each cardiac cycle
end systolic - end diastolic = SV
weight bearing at different levels of immersion in water
c7 - 10%
xiphoid - 33%
ASIS - 50%
