Neuro Flashcards
Frontal Lobe
Voluntary muscle action, attention, motivation, emotions, judgement, problem solving, sequencing, controls motor aspects of speech
Parietal Lobe
Primary cortex for sensory integration (touch, proprioception, spatial awareness, eye-hand coordination) Also affects academic skills, object naming, R/L organization, and visual attention
Temporal Lobe
Receives and processes auditory stimuli, receptive communication, short-term memory, facial recognition, visual memory behavior (aggressive), long term memory
Brain Lobes Locations
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Occipital Lobe
Perceives and processes visual stimuli. Important for reading.
Insula
Located deep within the lateral sulcus (under parietal and temporal lobes). Associated with visceral functions.
Limbic system
Concerned with instincts and raw emotions contributed to preservation of the individual. Basic functions include feeding, aggression, emotion, and endocrine aspects of sexual response. Also stores long term memories, particularly those with strong emotional components.
Basal Ganglia
Unconscious motor system involved in stereotypical or automatic motor plans, such as riding a bike, walking, or writing.
Thalamus
Part of the Diencephalon. VERY important. Relays sensory information (except for smell) to the cerebral cortex. Relays motor information from the cerebellum and glubus pallidus to the precentral motor cortex. Assists in integration of visceral and somatic functions. Acts as a filter for incoming information and helps to direct attention to the correct information.
Subthalamus
Controls several functional pathways for sensory, motor, and reticular function
Hypothalamus
Contols autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrine system. Maintains homeostasis.
Epithalamus
Integrates smell, visceral, and somatic afferent pathways. Pineal gland secretes hormones that influence pituitary gland and other organs and influences circadian rhythm.
Brain Stem Anatomy
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Cerebellum
Affects proprioception, equilibrium, and regulation of muscle tone. Also affects smooth coordination of voluntary movement (force, direction, etc.). Also responsible for the timing and fluidity of speech.
White matter
myelinated axons that convey information
Gray matter
Made up of cell bodies that integrate information. Known as ganglia in the PNS and nuclei or cortex in the CNS
Afferent axons
Carry info toward CNS
Efferent axons
Carry info to motor units
Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
abnormal, tangled collections of dilated blood vessels that result from congenitally malformed vascular structures
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke
contralateral hemiplegia, hemianestesia, homonymous hemianopsia, aphasia, and/or apraxia
Internal carotid artery (ICA) stroke
same symptoms as MCA CVA
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke
Contralateral hemiplegia, grasp reflex, incontinence, confusion, apathy, and/or mutism
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke
Homonymous hemianopsia, thalamic pain, hemi-sensory loss, and/or alexia
Vertebrobasilar system stroke
Pseudobulbar signs (dysarthia, dysphagia, emotional instability), tetraplegia