Biomechanical Flashcards
Shoulder extension ROM
0-60
Shoulder flexion ROM
0-180
Shoulder abduction ROM
0-180
Shoulder horizontal abduction ROM
0-90
Shoulder horizontal adduction
0-45
Shoulder internal rotation ROM
0-70
Shoulder external rotation ROM
0-90
Elbow flexion ROM
0-150
Supination ROM
0-80
Pronation ROM
0-80
Wrist flexion ROM
0-80
Wrist extension ROM
0-70
Ulnar deviation ROM
0-30
Radial deviation ROM
0-20
Thumb CM flexion ROM
0-15
Thumb CM extension ROM
0-20
Thumb MP flex ion
0-50
Thumb IP flexion ROM
0-80
Finger MP flexion ROM
0-90
Finger PIP flexion ROM
0-100
Finger DIP flexion ROM
0-90
MMT 5
Normal. Full ROM AG with max resistance
MMT 4
Good. Full ROM AG with mod resistance.
MMT 4-
Good minus. Full ROM AG with less than mod resistance.
MMT 3+
Fair plus. Full ROM AG with min resistance.
MMT 3
Fair. Full ROM AG no resistance.
MMT 3-
Less than full ROM AG
MMT 2+
Poor plus. Full ROM GE with min resistance.
MMT 2
Poor. Full ROM GE no resistance.
MMT 2-
Poor minus. Less than full ROM GE.
MMT 1
Trace. Tension is palpable but no movement occurs.
MMT 0
No tension is palpated.
Dynamometer
Measures grip strength. Shoulder adducted, elbow at 90, forearm neutral.
Grip strength in arthritis patient
Use vigorometer or sphygmomanometer
Sensation testing SCI
Proximal to distal
Sensation testing peripheral nerve injury
Distal to proximal
Moving two point discrimination
Begin with points 5-8mm apart and apply proximal to distal on fingertips in horizontal fashion. Person responds 1 or 2. 7/10 correct = decrease distance between points. Normal is 2mm.
Static two point discrimination
Begin at 5mm and apply to fingertips longitudinally. Increase distance until 7/10 correct but don’t go past 15mm
Benefits of superficial heat
Ex. Paraffin baths, hot packs. Relieves pain, increases tissue extensibility (ROM), assists with wound healing
Benefits of cryotherapy
Cold packs. Relieves pain, controls edema, decreases abnormal tone, facilitates muscle tone.
Benefits of whirlpool
Cleans and derides open infected wounds. Temperature of water does not reach a therapeutic range to use as a heat modality.
Benefits of electrical stimulation units
TENS, FES, NMES. Relieves pain, decreases swelling, stimulates and strengthens muscles, stimulates denervated muscles.
Contraindications for Electrical Modalities
Pregnancy, pacemaker, electrical implanted stimulators, history of MI or angina, cancer or malignancy, current infection, internal/external fixators, blood clot, cognitive impairment
Cautions for Electrical Modalities
not over carotid sinus, obesity, diabetes, eczema, psoriasis, acne, and dermatitis, avoid over head, anterior neck, and eyes, breaks in skin
Benefits of ultrasound
Relieves pain, decreases inflammation, increases tissue extensibility, decreases adhesions
Contraindications for ultrasound
metal plates or implanted devices, pacemaker, pregnancy, cancer, not over eyes or heart, not over epiphyseal areas on anyone under 16, compromises circulation or sensation, recent nerve repairs
Benefits of contrast baths
Reduces edema
