Nervous Tissue

Question 1

A small gap between two nerve cells that neurotransmitters travel across

Answer 1

Synapse

Question 2

Areas of axon covered by myelin sheath which are sites of impulse propagation and saltatory conduction

Answer 2

Internodes

Question 3

Cytoplasmic region of myelin between the internode and node or ranvier

Answer 3

Paranode

Question 4

Myelin sheath is discontinuous at intervals called?

Answer 4

Myelin node or Nodes of Ranvier

Question 5

Where does myelination starts?

Answer 5

at the point where the axon emerges from the axon hillock

Question 6

An axon enveloped by one fold of plasma membrane of neurolemma cells

Answer 6

Unmyelinated nerve fiber

Question 7

Present only in the developing embryonic nervous system

Answer 7

Unipolar Neuron

Question 8

Cell of cranial and spinal ganglia, it has two processes that fuse close to the cell body but separate at some distance from it

Answer 8

Pseudounipolar neuron

Question 9

Synapses with a sensory receptor or soma from another ganglion; brings signals to the soma in the cranianiospinal ganglion

Answer 9

Afferent process of Pseudounipolar neuron

Question 10

arises from craniospinal and extends to the dorsal horn of gray matter of spinal cord where it synapses with an interconnector neuron

Answer 10

Efferent process of Pseudounipolar neuron

Question 11

has two processes that originate at opposite poles of the soma

Answer 11

Bipolar neuron

Question 12

has many processes that arise from oval, pyramidal or stellate soma; it occurs in motor nuclei in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 12

Multipolar neuron

Question 13

Connective tissue cell of the nervous system

Answer 13

Gliocyte or glial cell or neuroglial cell

Question 14

Provide structural support to the CNS, store glycogen and release glucose

Answer 14

astrocyte

Question 15

Have a long, thin, sparsely branched processes located in white matter

Answer 15

fibrous astrocyte

Question 16

-Have numerous short, thick, highly branched processes
-located in gray matter

Answer 16

protoplasmic astrocyte

Question 17

Tall and epitheloid in nature – look like epithelium but not possess a basement membrane

Answer 17

ependymal cells

Question 18

is a mass of villi that originate from the tela choroidea and form a fuzzy tuft of epithelium that extends into the brain vesicles

Answer 18

choroid plexus

Question 19

Kinociliated cells that line the brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

Answer 19

ependymal cells

Question 20

Closely associated with neurons and blood vessels in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 20

oligodendrocytes

Question 21

microglial cells are derived from?

Answer 21

mesoderm

Question 22

Oval or spindle-shaped cells with scanty cytoplasm and round nucleus located at the expanded middle part of the cells

Answer 22

amphicytes or satellite cells or capsule cells

Question 23

Produce myelin sheath of myelinated nerve fibers in the PNS

Answer 23

neurolemmocytes

Question 24

When neurons lose the organ they innervate, they undergo degeneration and get replaced by what macrogliocyte?

Answer 24

astrocyte

Question 25

a nervous area with a high amount of cell processes

Answer 25

neuropil

Question 26

functions of extracellular matrix in the nervous system

Answer 26

cell movement axonal movement path finding formation and function of synapses

Question 27

composed of the brain and spinal cord, which coordinates information from all areas of the body and sends nerve impulses that control all bodily movements

Answer 27

central nervous system

Question 28

It connects the CNS to the rest of the body and is directly responsible for controlling movements of specific parts of the body

Answer 28

peripheral nervous system

Question 29

activates in order to stimulate a fight-or-flight response in an organism when that organism encounters a threat and must decide whether to fight or flee from it

Answer 29

sympathetic nervous system

Question 30

When an organism is faced with a threat, SNS is activated and affects the body in different ways. Give examples.

Answer 30

pupils of the eyes to dilate inhibits digestion increases sweat secretion increases heart rate

Question 31

activated during moments of “rest and digest”, when an organism is not facing an immediate threat

Answer 31

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 32

regulates activities that are performed unconsciously; we don’t have to think about digesting food for it to occur, for example.

Answer 32

autonomic nervous system

Question 33

controls voluntary body movements made up of afferent and efferent nerves that send signals to and from the CNS, causing voluntary muscle contraction to occur.

Answer 33

somatic nervous system

Question 34

a specialized cell that conveys electrochemical impulses throughout the body

Answer 34

neuron

Question 35

a quick rise and fall in the electrical membrane potential of the neuron, which transmits signals from one neuron to the next

Answer 35

action potential

Question 36

They are electrically active and release chemical signals to target cells; can transmit signals called nerve impulses, or action potentials

Answer 36

Neurons

Question 37

relay information from the PNS to the CNS; different types of sensory neurons can detect temperature, pressure, and light.

Answer 37

sensory or afferent neurons

Question 38

send signals from the CNS to the PNS; these signals provide information to sensory neurons to “tell” them what to do

Answer 38

motor or efferent neurons

Question 39

connect sensory and motor neurons to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 39

interneurons

Question 40

they act as connectors to form neural circuits and are involved with reflex actions and higher brain functions like decision-making

Answer 40

interneurons

Question 41

finger-like projections that receive nerve impulses, branch off from the soma

Answer 41

dendrites

Question 42

When dendrites receive information from other neurons, they receive them in a specialized area of contact called?

Answer 42

synapses

Question 43

larger and branches off from the soma

Answer 43

axon

Question 44

are the presynaptic component of a synapse, the site of intercellular communication, where a neuron transmits its signal to another neuron

Answer 44

axon terminals

Question 45

are released from the ends of the axon terminals, and these travel across the synaptic cleft to reach receptors on the dendrites of other neurons.

Answer 45

neurotransmitters

Question 46

the basis of nervous tissue

Answer 46

neurons

Question 47

where the axon emerges from the cell body

Answer 47

axon hillock

Question 48

Within the axon hillock, the cytoplasm changes to a solution of limited components called

Answer 48

axoplasm

Question 49

axon hillock is also referred to as

Answer 49

initial segment

Question 50

acts as insulation much like the plastic or rubber that is used to insulate electrical wires

Answer 50

myelin

Question 51

The length of the axon between each gap, which is wrapped in myelin, is referred to as an

Answer 51

axon segment

Question 52

At the end of the axon is the axon terminal, where there are usually several branches extending toward the target cell, each of which ends in an enlargement called a

Answer 52

synaptic end bulb

Question 53

are known to play a supporting role in nervous tissue

Answer 53

glial cells

Question 54

functions of neuroglia

Answer 54

support neurons, supply nutrients, get rid of pathogens and dead cells, form insulation between neurons, aid in the formation of synaptic connection

Question 55

provide nutrients to neurons, maintain ion balance, and remove unneeded excess neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft.

Answer 55

astroglial cells

Question 56

form cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 56

non-ciliated ependymal cells

Question 57

help cerebrospinal fluid circulate

Answer 57

ciliated ependymal cells

Question 58

this fluid cushions the brain and spinal cord

Answer 58

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 59

a fatty substance wrapped around the axons of some neurons; it provides electrical insulation.

Answer 59

myelin sheath

Question 60

also form myelin sheaths around some neurons, but they are only found in the PNS

Answer 60

schwann cells

Question 61

small macrophage cells in the CNS that protect against disease by engulfing pathogens through phagocytosis

Answer 61

microglial cells

Question 62

A German pathologist named Rudolph Virchow wrote in 1856

Answer 62

This connective substance, which is in the brain, in the spinal cord, and special sense nerves, is a kind of glue in which the nervous system is planted.

Question 63

An organized group of cells that carries out a certain function

Answer 63

tissue

Question 64

What is the organ system responsible for controlling and coordinating body movements and functions?

Answer 64

Nervous System

Question 65

A sudden rise and fall in the electrical membrane potential of a neuron that leads to a signal being transmitted to other neurons or the target body organ

Answer 65

action potential

Question 66

A small gap between two nerve cells that neurotransmitters travel across.

Answer 66

synapse

Question 67

Main functions of myelin sheath?

Answer 67

insulate the axon, increase the velocity of action potential propagation, increase the speed of electrical signal conduction