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ZZ2. histology (danica) > Lecture 4 - Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

A type of striated muscle found specifically in the heart or myocardium.

A

cardiac muscle

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2
Q

A structure specific to cardiac muscle formed from gap junctions and desmosomes that allow cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated fashion.

A

Intercalated disc

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3
Q

The term for a muscle cell that applies to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and
smooth muscle.

A

myofibers

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4
Q

The tube like organelle present in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle that coordinates contraction of the cell.

A

myofibrils

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5
Q

Modified cardiomyocytes that propagate electrical signals through the cardiac muscle of the myocardium allowing coordinated contraction

A

purkinje fibers

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6
Q

The basic functional unit of striated muscle that is composed of myofilaments.

A

sarcomere

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7
Q

The organelle that is responsible for the storage and release of calcium into the cytosol of the myofiber

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

The organelle that is responsible for the storage and release of calcium into the cytosol of the myofiber

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

A type of striated muscle responsible for voluntary movement.

A

skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Non-striated muscle that is responsible for involuntary movement within
several organ systems

A

smooth muscle

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11
Q

Invaginations of the sarcolemma (cell membrane) into the cell that allows for the conduction of depolarization impulses from the outside of the cell to around the sarcomeres.

A

T tubules

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12
Q

the ability to return to its normal shape

A

elasticity

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13
Q

ability to respond to stimuli

A

excitability

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14
Q

ability to contract

A

contractility

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15
Q

ability of the muscle to stretch without tearing

A

extensibility

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16
Q

Skeletal muscle depends on the nervous system to work properly referred to as?

A

a voluntary motion

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17
Q

cardiac muscle and smooth muscle can respond to other stimuli, such as catecholamines _________ from the blood, hormones and local stimuli.

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

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18
Q

are specialized types of epithelium and fibroblasts, respectively, that have the contractile ability.

A

myoepithelium and myofibroblasts

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19
Q

are often located in and around glands where extracellular product produced by the epithelial cells needs to be moved by contractile action towards the duct system.

A

myoepithelial cells

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20
Q

are often seen in healing wounds and assist in the maturation and contraction of the granulation tissue (immature fibrous connective tissue) as it matures and contracts.

A

myofibroblasts

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21
Q

what are the functions muscular system is able to perform through contraction?

A

a. production of force and movement
b. support of the body, change of body posture
c. stability of joints
d. production of body heat (to maintain normal body temperature)
e. provision of form to the body

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22
Q

Myoblasts (embryonic muscle cells) are derived from?

A

Mesenchyme

23
Q

Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues develop from local populations of?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

24
Q

skeletal muscles develop from mesoderm within ____ ?

A

somites

25
Q

This muscle allows voluntary control of specific functions, such as swallowing, urination, and defecation.

A

skeletal muscles

26
Q

What are the various integrated tissues that compose skeletal muscle?

A

a. the skeletal muscle fibers
b. blood vessels
c. nerve fibers
d. connective tissue.

27
Q

Each large muscle is wrapped in a sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue called the ______ which holds muscle fascicles in a group and also allows a muscle to contract while maintaining its structural integrity.

A

epimysium

28
Q

a term synonymous with muscle cell; a cell with multiple peripherally located nuclei that runs the ENTIRE length of the actual muscle

A

muscle fiber

29
Q

Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into individual bundles (called fascicles), by an intermediate layer of connective tissue

A

perimysium

30
Q

Inside each fascicle, each muscle fiber is encased in an extremely thin connective tissue layer

A

endomysium

31
Q

The plasma membrane of muscle fibers is called the __________, the cytoplasm is referred to as __________, and the specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores and controls the release of calcium ions (Ca++) is called the ______________.

A

sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, sarcoplasmic reticulum

32
Q

What is the function unit of skeletal muscle fiber?

A

sarcomere

33
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue is located in?

A

in the heart or in myocardium

34
Q

is a cell structure that anchors the ends of cardiac muscle fibers together so the cells do not pull apart during the stress of individual fibers contracting

A

desmosome

35
Q

Contractions of the heart (heartbeats) are controlled by specialized cardiac muscle cells called __________ that directly control heart rate

A

pacemaker cells

36
Q

This group of cells is self-excitable and able to depolarize to threshold and fire action potentials on their own

A

autorhythmicity

37
Q

regulatory protein that facilitates contraction in smooth muscles

A

calmodulin

38
Q

sarcoplasmic structure that attaches to the sarcolemma and shortens the muscle as thin filaments slide past thick filaments

A

dense body

39
Q

process in which one cell splits to produce new cells

A

hyperplasia

40
Q

subset of a cross-bridge in which actin and myosin remain locked together

A

latch bridges

41
Q

cell that triggers action potentials in smooth muscle

A

pacesetter cells

42
Q

relaxation of smooth muscle tissue after being stretched

A

stress-relaxation response

43
Q

enlargement of neurons that release neurotransmitters into synaptic clefts

A

varicosity

44
Q

Smooth muscle found in the walls of visceral organs

A

visceral muscle

45
Q

Where can we located smooth muscles?

A

urinary bladder, uterus, stomach, and intestines, and in the walls of large vascular tubes, such as the arteries and veins

46
Q

Muscles are predominantly powered by

A

Oxidation of fats
Carbohydrates
Anaerobic chemical reactions

47
Q

Molecules that are used up by myosin filaments during muscle contractions

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

48
Q

Muscular system develops from the?

A

Mesoderm layer

49
Q

The muscles from the iris is developed from?

A

Neuro-ectoderm

50
Q

Muscles of the esophagus are developed by?

A

Transdifferentiation from smooth muscle

51
Q

Three levels of connective tissue that encloses the skeletal muscle

A

a. Epimysium
b. Perimysium
c. Endomysium

52
Q

2 types of myofilaments

A

Myosin and actin

53
Q

Proteins of thin filament

A

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

ZZ2. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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