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ZZ2. histology (danica) > . > Flashcards

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1
Q

Major functions of cardiovascular system

A

transport of oxygen, nutrients and hormones as well as eliminate carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste

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2
Q

Components of cardiovascular system

A

Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Blood

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3
Q

Primary function of each components of cardiovascular

A

Heart - propels blood and maintain blood pressure
Blood Vessels - distribute blood around the body
Arteries - carries blood from heart to capillaries
Capillaries - permit diffusion between blood and ISF
Veins - return blood from capillaries to the blood
Blood - transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and blood cell; delivers nutrients and hormones; removes waste product; assist in temperature control and defense against disease

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4
Q

provides the “muscle” needed to pump blood throughout the body

A

Heart

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5
Q

The system circulates blood in two major pathways:

A

The Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit

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6
Q

Transports oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply

A

The Pulmonary Circulation

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7
Q

It returns oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the left atrium and is pumped out all over the body. It also picks up carbon dioxide and other waste products.

A

The Systemic Circulation

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8
Q

3 layers of vascular tunics

A

tunica intima (inner or luminal layer)
tunica media (middle layer)
tunica adventitia (outer layer)

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9
Q

a vascular bed designed to perfuse the vessel wall itself

A

Vasa vasorum

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10
Q

The blood vessels that supply the tunica adventitia

A

Vasa Vasorum

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11
Q

are directly apposed to the basal lamina and are capable of transdifferentiating into different cell types

A

Pericytes

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12
Q

Classification of arteries

A

Elastic
Muscular

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13
Q

Difference between arteries and veins

A

Aeteries:
Carries Oxygenated blood
Thick walls, narrow lumen
T. Media is the thickest layer
Elastic lamina is present i all arteries

Veins:
Carries deoxygenated blood
Thin walls, large lumen
T. Adventitia is the thickest layer
Elastic lamina only present in large v

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14
Q

continuous capillaries are found in

A

Lungs
Brain

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15
Q

The most ubiquitous microcirculatory vessel in the body

A

Continuous capillary

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16
Q

contain small cytoplasmic gaps and lie on an uninterrupted basal lamina

A

Fenestrated capillary

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17
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are common in

A

Endocrine organs
Intestine

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18
Q

are demonstrated in the glomerulus and allow the formation of the ultrafiltrate that ultimately becomes urine.

A

Porous capillaries

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19
Q

have large gaps between endothelial cells; the basal lamina is either discontinuous or absen

A

Sinusoids

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20
Q

Sinusoids are found in

A

Adrenal glands
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow

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21
Q

The outside surface of the heart is comprised of connective tissue and mesothelium

A

Epicardium

22
Q

Vascular structures responsible for draining interstitial fluid and returning it back to the cardiovascular system.

A

Lymphatics

23
Q

Portion of the heart comprised of cardiac muscle.

A

myocardium

24
Q

Sac-like structure that encloses the heart.

A

pericardium

25
Q

Modified cardiomyocytes responsible for propagating electrical signals

through the myocardium ensuring coordinated contraction.

A

purkinje fibers

26
Q

The outermost layer of the vessel wall composed primarily of connective tissue, smaller blood vessels and nerves.

A

tunica adventitia

27
Q

The middle portion of the vessel wall is composed of smooth muscle.

A

tunica media

28
Q

blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart, Thinner walled vascular structures are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the

heart in most cases.

A

veins

29
Q

are considerably more permeable and are capable of considerable rapid nutrient exchange.

A

sinusoids

30
Q

an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells.

A

rhesus factor

31
Q

the most common blood type

A

rh positive

32
Q

as your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries, your blood pressure is at its highest point.

A

systolic pressure

33
Q

As your heart relaxes to refill, blood pressure is at its lowest point.

A

diastolic pressure

34
Q

A normal heart rhythm is called

A

normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

35
Q

When there is a problem with your heart rhythm or rate,

A

arrythmia

36
Q

a muscular pump that propels blood at high pressure around the body through the blood vessels.

A

heart

37
Q

3 layers of the heart

A

Epicardium (tunica adventitia)
Myocardium (tunica media)
Endocardium (tunica intima)

38
Q

· the largest of the three layers and containscardiac muscles and loose endomysial connective tissue that contains lots of capillaries.

A

myocardium

39
Q

This layer contains fibroelastic connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics and adipose tissue

A

epicardium

40
Q

Thesimple squamous epitheliumof the tunica adventitia layer is called

A

mesothelium

41
Q

lines the atria and ventricles and covers the heart valves

A

endocardium

42
Q

the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

A

Mesothelium

43
Q

is a two-layered connective tissue sac that encloses the heart.

A

pericardium

44
Q

2 layers of pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium (outer layer)
Serous percardium (inner layer)

45
Q

Space between the 2 layers of pericardium

A

Pericardial cavity

46
Q

Facilitates the pumping action of the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

47
Q

Impulses are generated by

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

48
Q

Sinoatrial node is found in

A

Walls of superior vena cava

49
Q

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers and associated connective tissue and is supplied by nerve fiber from the ANS

A

Sinoatrial node

50
Q

Starts impulse generation around the ventricles

A

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

ZZ2. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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