.

Question 1

Major functions of cardiovascular system

Answer 1

transport of oxygen, nutrients and hormones as well as eliminate carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste

Question 2

Components of cardiovascular system

Answer 2

Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Blood

Question 3

Primary function of each components of cardiovascular

Answer 3

Heart - propels blood and maintain blood pressure
Blood Vessels - distribute blood around the body
Arteries - carries blood from heart to capillaries
Capillaries - permit diffusion between blood and ISF
Veins - return blood from capillaries to the blood
Blood - transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and blood cell; delivers nutrients and hormones; removes waste product; assist in temperature control and defense against disease

Question 4

provides the “muscle” needed to pump blood throughout the body

Answer 4

Heart

Question 5

The system circulates blood in two major pathways:

Answer 5

The Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit

Question 6

Transports oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs where blood picks up a new oxygen supply

Answer 6

The Pulmonary Circulation

Question 7

It returns oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to the left atrium and is pumped out all over the body. It also picks up carbon dioxide and other waste products.

Answer 7

The Systemic Circulation

Question 8

3 layers of vascular tunics

Answer 8

tunica intima (inner or luminal layer)
tunica media (middle layer)
tunica adventitia (outer layer)

Question 9

a vascular bed designed to perfuse the vessel wall itself

Answer 9

Vasa vasorum

Question 10

The blood vessels that supply the tunica adventitia

Answer 10

Vasa Vasorum

Question 11

are directly apposed to the basal lamina and are capable of transdifferentiating into different cell types

Answer 11

Pericytes

Question 12

Classification of arteries

Answer 12

Elastic
Muscular

Question 13

Difference between arteries and veins

Answer 13

Aeteries:
Carries Oxygenated blood
Thick walls, narrow lumen
T. Media is the thickest layer
Elastic lamina is present i all arteries

Veins:
Carries deoxygenated blood
Thin walls, large lumen
T. Adventitia is the thickest layer
Elastic lamina only present in large v

Question 14

continuous capillaries are found in

Answer 14

Lungs
Brain

Question 15

The most ubiquitous microcirculatory vessel in the body

Answer 15

Continuous capillary

Question 16

contain small cytoplasmic gaps and lie on an uninterrupted basal lamina

Answer 16

Fenestrated capillary

Question 17

Fenestrated capillaries are common in

Answer 17

Endocrine organs
Intestine

Question 18

are demonstrated in the glomerulus and allow the formation of the ultrafiltrate that ultimately becomes urine.

Answer 18

Porous capillaries

Question 19

have large gaps between endothelial cells; the basal lamina is either discontinuous or absen

Answer 19

Sinusoids

Question 20

Sinusoids are found in

Answer 20

Adrenal glands
Liver
Spleen
Bone marrow

Question 21

The outside surface of the heart is comprised of connective tissue and mesothelium

Answer 21

Epicardium

Question 22

Vascular structures responsible for draining interstitial fluid and returning it back to the cardiovascular system.

Answer 22

Lymphatics

Question 23

Portion of the heart comprised of cardiac muscle.

Answer 23

myocardium

Question 24

Sac-like structure that encloses the heart.

Answer 24

pericardium

Question 25

 Modified cardiomyocytes responsible for propagating electrical signals    through the myocardium ensuring coordinated contraction.

Answer 25

purkinje fibers

Question 26

The outermost layer of the vessel wall composed primarily of connective tissue, smaller blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 26

tunica adventitia

Question 27

 The middle portion of the vessel wall is composed of smooth muscle.

Answer 27

tunica media

Question 28

blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart, Thinner walled                              vascular structures are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the                  heart in most cases.

Answer 28

veins

Question 29

are considerably more permeable and are capable of considerable rapid nutrient exchange.

Answer 29

sinusoids

Question 30

an inherited protein found on the surface of red blood cells.

Answer 30

rhesus factor

Question 31

the most common blood type

Answer 31

rh positive

Question 32

as your heart contracts to push blood into your arteries, your blood pressure is at its highest point.

Answer 32

systolic pressure

Question 33

As your heart relaxes to refill, blood pressure is at its lowest point.

Answer 33

diastolic pressure

Question 34

A normal heart rhythm is called

Answer 34

normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

Question 35

When there is a problem with your heart rhythm or rate,

Answer 35

arrythmia

Question 36

  a muscular pump that propels blood at high pressure around the body through the blood vessels.

Answer 36

heart

Question 37

3 layers of the heart

Answer 37

Epicardium (tunica adventitia) Myocardium (tunica media) Endocardium (tunica intima)

Question 38

·        the largest of the three layers and contains cardiac muscles and loose endomysial connective tissue that contains lots of capillaries.

Answer 38

myocardium

Question 39

This layer contains fibroelastic connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics and adipose tissue

Answer 39

epicardium

Question 40

The simple squamous epithelium of the tunica adventitia layer is called

Answer 40

mesothelium

Question 41

lines the atria and ventricles and covers the heart valves

Answer 41

endocardium

Question 42

the visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Answer 42

Mesothelium

Question 43

is a two-layered connective tissue sac that encloses the heart.

Answer 43

pericardium

Question 44

2 layers of pericardium

Answer 44

Fibrous pericardium (outer layer) Serous percardium (inner layer)

Question 45

Space between the 2 layers of pericardium

Answer 45

Pericardial cavity

Question 46

Facilitates the pumping action of the heart

Answer 46

Pericardial cavity

Question 47

Impulses are generated by

Answer 47

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

Question 48

Sinoatrial node is found in

Answer 48

Walls of superior vena cava

Question 49

A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers and associated connective tissue and is supplied by nerve fiber from the ANS

Answer 49

Sinoatrial node

Question 50

Starts impulse generation around the ventricles

Answer 50

Atrioventricular node (AV node)