Lecture 3 - Blood and Hematopoiesis Flashcards
mixture of cells and fluid that is being transported throughout the body by the cardiovascular system
blood
blood volume of large domestic animals
8 -10 % of body weight
Functions of plasma
- dynamic reservoir for maintaining the proper composition of ECF
- removes wastes
- supplies body tissues with materials necessary for body metabolism
process of creating a wide variety of blood and bone marrow cells
hematopoiesis
Common myeloid progenitors products
- megakaryocytes
- erythrocytes
- basophils
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- monocytes
common lymphoid progenitors produces
- NK cells
- B lymphocytes
- T lymphocytes
All blood cells arise from
pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells
pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells give rise to 2 types of committed stem cells
myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells
resemble small lymphocytes
progenitor cells
progenitor cells give rise to these cells, which become recognizable as members of a specific lineage
precursor cells
undergo cell division and differentiation to yield mature cells
precursor cells
from blood into tissues and develop into macrophages
monocytes
migrate from blood into tissues where they proliferate and mature into mast cells
mast cell progenitors
maturation of functional T cells occurs in
thymus
b cells differentiate in these peripheral lymphoid tissues
lymph nodes, spleen, and diffuse lymphoid tissue
hematopoietic cells are identified on their ability to form colonies when cultured
in vitro
In adults, hematopoiesis occurs in
bone marrow
fluid phase of the blood
plasma
part of blood that is dense and collect in the bottom of the tube
red cells
collect at the interface between the red cells and the plasma in a thin gray-white layer
buffy coat
refers to plasma after clotting factors and fibrin have been removed
serum
by far the predominant cell type in the blood smear
erythrocytes/rbc
lifespan of rbc
120
anucleate, non-granulated, eosinophilic cells that are uniform in shape (biconcave discs) and size (7.2 microns)
RBC
immature red blood cells that are released from the bone marrow
reticulocytes
ratio of reticulocyte and rbc in a normal blood smear
1:100
stain with a light blue tint due to RNA-containing organelles like free ribosomes
reticulocytes
reticulocytes mature in how many days
1-2 days
smallest elements of the blood and are responsible for the formation of clots
thrombocytes/platelets
it is 2 and 5 microns in diameter and appear ovoid and anucleate with purple granules
platelets
cells of the immune system that are present in both blood and interstitial fluid
WBC
ratio of leucocyte and rbc
1 for every 1000 rbc
its counts are raised in response to viral infections
lymphocytes
larger than lymphocytes and have less-clearly demarcated nuclei that are usually not centered in the cell
monocytes
its nuclei appear horseshoe-shaped and the cytoplasm contains fine granules that give it a muddy gray color
monocytes
granules of monocytes contain (2)
lysosomal enzyme and peroxidase
cells with lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules
polymorphonuclear cells
polymorphonuclear cells are named based upon the characteristics of
secondary granules
most numerous of the leukocytes
neutrophils
nucleus segmented into three to five lobes, cytoplasm stains a pale pink
neutrophils
contents of primary granules of neutrophils
acid hydrolases and cationic proteins
content of secondary granules of neutrophils
antimicrobial substances
distinguished by large red or orange granules of uniform size released during parasitic infections
eosinophils
granules contain histamine released to cause a vasoactive response in hypersensitivity reactions
basophils
an anticoagulant present in basophils
heparin
can be used to assess the process of hematopoiesis, or blood cell formation
bone marrow smear
active bone marrow appears
highly cellular
active bone marrow is also known as
red bone marrow
bone marrow with increased fat content
yellow bone marrow
important characteristics to take into account when viewing a bone marrow smear
a. Size of the cell
b. Cytoplasm to nucleus volume ratio
c. Shape of the nucleus
d. Degree of chromatin condensation
e. Presence or absence of nucleoli
f. Cytoplasmic staining
g. Presence of cytoplasmic granules
pluripotent stem cell from which erythrocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes originate
blast cells
Erythrocytes develop from
erythroblasts
granulocytes develop from
myeloblasts
development of red blood cells
erythropoiesis
has a darkly staining nucleus, cytoplasm stains a grayish-green color due to the accumulation of hemoglobin
polychromatophilic erythroblast
lineage of erythropoiesis
erythroblast — > proerythroblast —- > basophilic erythroblast
by which white blood cells develop
granulopoiesis
has a flattened nucleus with condense chromatin
metamyelocyte
specific granules of WBC are produced during what stage
myelocyte
