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ZZ2. histology (danica) > Module 3-A. Bones, Cartilage, and Joints > Flashcards

Module 3-A. Bones, Cartilage, and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

A dynamic organ that functions to provide support, protection, and also act as a reservoir of mineral salts and growth factors.

A

Bone

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2
Q

Thin layer of cartilage covering an epiphysis

A

Articular cartilage

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3
Q

where two bone surfaces meet

A

Articulation

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4
Q

Channels within the bone matrix that house one of an osteocyte’s many cytoplasmic extensions that it uses to communicate and receive nutrients

A

Canaliculi

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5
Q

Longitudinal channel in the center of each osteon; contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels; also known as Haversian Canal

A

Central canal

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6
Q

Dense bone that forms the cortical region of bone

A

Compact bone

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7
Q

Tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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8
Q

Layer of spongy bone, that is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone found in flat bones

A

Diploë

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9
Q

Delicate membranous lining of a bone’s medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

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10
Q

Sheet of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of an immature bone; replaced by bone tissue as the organ grows in length

A

Epiphyseal plate

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11
Q

Wide section at each end of a long bone; filled with spongy bone and red marrow

A

Epiphysis

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12
Q

Opening or depression in a bone

A

Hole

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13
Q

Spaces in a bone that house an osteocyte

A

Lacunae

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14
Q

Hollow region of the diaphysis; filled with yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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15
Q

small opening in the middle of the external surface of the diaphysis, through which an artery enters the bone to provide nourishment

A

Nutrient foramen

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16
Q

the process of bone formation in which a cartilage model becomes almost entirely replaced by bone preceding the formation of the actual bone

A

Endochondral ossification

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17
Q

the microscopically dense parallel array of bone

A

Lamellar bone

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18
Q

this is the process of bone formation in which bones are directly laid in opposition on top of the bone that has just formed

A

Membranous ossification

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19
Q

is the process that is responsible for changing the size and shape of bony tissue

A

Modelling

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20
Q

Mesenchymal cells that contribute to bone production and can be seen lining bone surfaces

A

Osteoblasts

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21
Q

Smaller elongated cells contained within small cavities in bone called lacunae

A

Osteocytes

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22
Q

Hematopoietic derived, multinucleated cells that resorb bone

A

Osteoclasts

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23
Q

A tubular functional unit of lamellar cortical bone

A

Osteons

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24
Q

The process that is responsible for bony tissue maintenance

A

Remodelling

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25
Q

Bone that forms multi-directional, anastomosing struts within the marrow cavity

A

Trabecular bone

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26
Q

Rapidly deposited randomly arranged arrays of bone

A

Woven bone

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27
Q

Give the functions of bones

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Assisting movement
  4. Mineral homeostasis
  5. Blood cell porduction
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28
Q

Cells that are involved in growing bone:

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes

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29
Q

the ‘stem’ cells of bone, and are the source of new osteoblasts

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

30
Q

lining the surface of bone, secrete collagen and the organic matrix of
bone

A

Osteoblasts

31
Q

maintain bone tissue

A

Osteocytes

32
Q

develop from monocytes and macrophages and differ in appearance from other bone cells

A

Osteocytes

33
Q

the bone cell responsible for forming new bone and is found in the growing portions of bone

A

Osteoblasts

34
Q

the primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell

A

Osteocytes

35
Q

undifferentiated bone cells with high mitotic activity that are capable of division

A

osteogenic cell

36
Q

cell responsible for bone resorption, or breakdown

A

osteoclast

37
Q

osteocytes can communicate with each other and receive nutrients via long cytoplasmic processes that extend through?

A

canaliculi

38
Q

location of immature osteogenic cells

A

deep layers of periosteum and marrow

39
Q

osteoclast are derived from?

A

monocytes, macrophages

40
Q

responsible for the constant but subtle reshaping of bone

A

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

41
Q

basic unit of compact bone

A

osteon (Haversian system)

42
Q

has large open spaces (marrow spaces) and plates of bone called trabeculae

A

cancellous bone

43
Q

large multinucleated cells, with a ‘ruffled border’

A

osteoclasts

44
Q

enzyme secreted by osteoclast that acidifies the matrix

A

carbonic anhydrase

45
Q

found in the shafts of long bones which makes up 80% of all bone

A

compact bone

46
Q

osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified matrix called?

A

lamella

47
Q

part of bone where blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels are located

A

central canal/haversian canal

48
Q

blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics branch off at right angle from central canal to extend to the periosteum and endosteum, through?

A

perforating canal/volkmann’s canal

49
Q

found at the ends of long bones

A

spongy bone and make up 20% of all bones

50
Q

the type of bone that has red bone marrow and network of bony trabeculae

A

spongy bone

51
Q

a lattice-like network of matrix spikes where lacunae and osteocytes are located in a spongy bone

A

trabeculae

52
Q

it is found on the outside of bone which are dense fibrous layer, where muscles insert and contains bone forming cells

A

periosteum

53
Q

It is the name given to the tissue that lines the inner surfaces of bones

A

endosteum

54
Q

replaces woven (primary) bone

A

lamellar bone

55
Q

arrangement of collagen fibers in woven bone

A

random

56
Q

the collagen fibers have become re-modelled to become more parallel - in layers

A

lamellar bone

57
Q

osteogenic cells location

A

Deep layers of the periosteum and the marrow

58
Q

osteoblasts location

A

Growing portions of bone, including periosteum and endosteum

59
Q

location of osteocytes

A

Entrapped in matrix

60
Q

Develop into osteoblasts

A

osteogenic cells

61
Q

necessary for bone formation

A

osteoblasts

62
Q

located at bone surfaces and at sites of old, injured, or unneeded bone

A

osteoclasts

63
Q

Formation of bone onto a temporary cartilage model or scaffold

A

endochondral

64
Q

the collagenous fibers in tendons that insert directly into bone

A

sharpey’s fibers

65
Q

filtrate of plasma enriched with proteoglycans

A

synovial fluid

66
Q

3 cell populations of synovium that produce glycosaminoglycans

A
  1. phagocytic macrophages
  2. antigen presenting cells
  3. fibroblast like cells
67
Q

The synovial membrane is normally supported by a loose fibrovascular stroma admixed with

A

adipose

68
Q

outermost layer of joint composed of dense collagen

A

joint capsule

69
Q

lines the joint capsule

A

synovium

70
Q

resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints

A

cartilage

71
Q

Give the locations of cartilage

A
  1. rib cage
  2. ear
  3. nose
  4. bronchial tubes
  5. invertebral discs
72
Q

small openings in the diaphysis where arteries enter the bone

A

nutrient foramen

ZZ2. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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