11 Urinary System

Question 1

histologically apparent substructure of the renal cortex composed of glomeruli and proximal tubules.

Answer 1

Cortical labyrinth

Question 2

anatomical unit of the kidney composed of the medullary pyramid and the overlying cortex.

Answer 2

Lobe (renal)

Question 3

anatomical subunit of a renal lobe that is centered on a single medullary ray.

Answer 3

Lobule (renal)

Question 4

Collections of renal tubules coursing from the renal cortex to the medulla and centered around a collecting duct.

Answer 4

Medulla rays

Question 5

process by fluid and molecules selectively pass across the glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 5

Ultrafiltration (renal)

Question 6

cup-like structures receiving urine from the collecting ducts where it passes on to the renal pelvis and ureter

Answer 6

Calyces

Question 7

arteriole carrying blood from the glomerulus to the capillary beds around the convoluted tubules and loop of Henle; portion of the portal system

Answer 7

Efferent arteriole

Question 8

tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule; filters the blood based on size

Answer 8

Glomerulus

Question 9

functional units of the kidney that carry out all filtration and modification to produce urine; consist of renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and descending and ascending loops of Henle; drain into collecting ducts

Answer 9

Nephrons

Question 10

inner region of kidney containing the renal pyramids

Answer 10

Medulla

Question 11

second capillary bed of the renal portal system; surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules; associated with the vasa recta

Answer 11

Peritubular capillaries

Question 12

extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla; separates the renal pyramids; contains blood vessels and connective tissues

Answer 12

renal columns

Question 13

outer part of kidney containing all of the nephrons; some nephrons have loops of Henle extending into the medulla

Answer 13

Renal cortex

Question 14

adipose tissue between the renal fascia and the renal capsule that provides protective cushioning to the kidney

Answer 14

Renal fat pad

Question 15

recessed medial area of the kidney through which the renal artery, renal vein, ureters, lymphatics, and nerves pass

Answer 15

Renal hilum

Question 16

R

medullary area of the renal pyramids where collecting ducts empty urine into the minor calyces

Answer 16

Renal papillae

Question 17

six to eight cone-shaped tissues in the medulla of the kidney containing collecting ducts and the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 17

Renal pyramids

Question 18

Two bean-shaped about the size of an adult fist.

Answer 18

Kidneys

Question 19

Kidneys sit in the back between?

Answer 19

T12 and L3 vertebrae

Question 20

CT present in capsule of kidney

Answer 20

dense irregular

Question 21

What do you call the capsule covering the kidney which is a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tissue? It is encompassed by a tough renal fascia.

Answer 21

Renal fat pad

Question 22

serve to firmly anchor the kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneal position

Answer 22

Fascia

Question 23

the entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: renal artery, renal vein, renal nerves, lymphatics, and the ureters

Answer 23

Renal hilum

Question 24

What are the functions of kidney?

Answer 24

A. Nephrons, tiny structures in the renal pyramids, filter gallons of blood each day.

B. The kidneys reabsorb vital substances, remove unwanted ones, and return the filtered blood back to the body.

C. The kidneys also create urine to remove all the waste.

Question 25

On frontal section the kidney reveals an outer region called (1) and an inner region called (2)

Answer 25

1. Renal cortex 2. Renal medulla

Question 26

5-8 renal pyramids are separated by?

Answer 26

Renal columns

Question 27

If you divide the kidney longitudinally, you will see these structures.

Answer 27

Cortex, medulla, renal papilla, renal pelvis

Question 28

How much blood does the renal artery and vein circulate at rest?

Answer 28

2 1/2 pints/min

Question 29

Lobes are easiest to visualize in what animals?

Answer 29

Cattle and pigs

Question 30

Flow of blood in the kidney.

Answer 30

Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery

Question 31

Interlobar artery branches into? (3)

Answer 31

Arcuate artery, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles

Question 32

afferent arterioles deliver blood into a modified capillary bed

Answer 32

glomerulus

Question 33

1.3 million of these in each kidney and they function to filter the blood.

Answer 33

Nephrons

Question 34

portal system is formed when the blood flows from the glomerulus to the efferent arteriole through a second capillary bed

Answer 34

Peritubular capillaries

Question 35

Where are nephrons located?

Answer 35

cortex and renal pyramids

Question 36

Nephrons perform the primary function of the kidneys which is?

Answer 36

regulating the concentration of water and other substances in the body

Question 37

The structures within the cortex, primarily the (1), drive filtration, and the (2) are responsible for reabsorbing, excreting, and concentrating the urinary filtrate.

Answer 37

1. Glomeruli 2. Tubules within the medulla

Question 38

What are the main components of nephron?

Answer 38

glomerulus bowman's space proximal convoluted tubule proximal straight tubule Loop of henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct Papillary duct

Question 39

Three main steps of urine formation.

Answer 39

Glomerular filtration Reabsorption Secretion

Question 40

Other functions of nephrons?

Answer 40

Control blood pressure RBC production Calcium absorption

Question 41

In each nephron, there is an afferent arteriole feeds a high-pressure capillary bed. What is this?

Answer 41

Glomerulus

Question 42

Blood is filtered by the glomerulus to produce a fluid that is caught by the nephron tubule?

Answer 42

Filtrate

Question 43

proximal end of the tubule that surrounds the glomerulus and catches the filtered fluid is the?

Answer 43

Glomerular (bowman's) capsule

Question 44

Forms the renal corpuscle.

Answer 44

Glomerulus and glomerulus capsule

Question 45

Movement of filtrate in tubule.

Answer 45

PCT - Loop of henle - DCT - Common collecting ducts Out of the glomerulus, efferent arteriole - peritibular capillaries

Question 46

attached to the posterior abdominal wall and located behind the peritoneum, therefore they are called as retroperitoneal organs that lie in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall, protected by muscle, fat and ribs

Answer 46

kidneys

Question 47

kidneys sit in the back of the abdomen between the levels of?

Answer 47

T12 and L3

Question 48

This capsule is covered by a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tissue,, which is encompassed by a tough renal fascia. The fascia serve to firmly anchor the kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneal position.

Answer 48

renal fat pad

Question 49

entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: renal artery, renal vein, renal nerves, lymphatics, and the ureters

Answer 49

renal hilum

Question 50

In the medulla, how many renal pyramids are separated by connective tissue renal columns?

Answer 50

5-8

Question 51

On frontal section the kidney reveals an outer region called the renal cortex and an inner region called the renal medulla. Meanwhile, on longitudinal section, kidney can be divided into?

Answer 51

cortex, medulla, renal papilla and renal pelvis

Question 52

renal artery and vein circulate huge amounts of blood about _______, which is up to one-quarter of the heart’s to

Answer 52

2 1/2 pints/min at rest

Question 53

Lobes are easiest to visualize in _______ wherein every single renal papilla drains the overlying medulla and

Answer 53

cattle and pigs

Question 54

The afferent arterioles deliver blood into a modified capillary bed called the _______ which is a component of the “functional unit” of the kidney called the ________

Answer 54

glomerulus,nephron

Question 55

A portal system is formed when the blood flows from the glomerulus to the efferent arteriole through a second capillary bed

Answer 55

peritubular arteries

Question 56

Nephrons perform the primary function of the kidney which is?

Answer 56

regulating the concentration of water