11 Urinary System Flashcards
histologically apparent substructure of the renal cortex composed of glomeruli and proximal tubules.
Cortical labyrinth
anatomical unit of the kidney composed of the medullary pyramid and the overlying cortex.
Lobe (renal)
anatomical subunit of a renal lobe that is centered on a single medullary ray.
Lobule (renal)
Collections of renal tubules coursing from the renal cortex to the medulla and centered around a collecting duct.
Medulla rays
process by fluid and molecules selectively pass across the glomerular filtration barrier
Ultrafiltration (renal)
cup-like structures receiving urine from the collecting ducts where it passes on to the renal pelvis and ureter
Calyces
arteriole carrying blood from the glomerulus to the capillary beds around the convoluted tubules and loop of Henle; portion of the portal system
Efferent arteriole
tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule; filters the blood based on size
Glomerulus
functional units of the kidney that carry out all filtration and modification to produce urine; consist of renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and descending and ascending loops of Henle; drain into collecting ducts
Nephrons
inner region of kidney containing the renal pyramids
Medulla
second capillary bed of the renal portal system; surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules; associated with the vasa recta
Peritubular capillaries
extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla; separates the renal pyramids; contains blood vessels and connective tissues
renal columns
outer part of kidney containing all of the nephrons; some nephrons have loops of Henle extending into the medulla
Renal cortex
adipose tissue between the renal fascia and the renal capsule that provides protective cushioning to the kidney
Renal fat pad
recessed medial area of the kidney through which the renal artery, renal vein, ureters, lymphatics, and nerves pass
Renal hilum
R
medullary area of the renal pyramids where collecting ducts empty urine into the minor calyces
Renal papillae
six to eight cone-shaped tissues in the medulla of the kidney containing collecting ducts and the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
Renal pyramids
Two bean-shaped about the size of an adult fist.
Kidneys
Kidneys sit in the back between?
T12 and L3 vertebrae
CT present in capsule of kidney
dense irregular
What do you call the capsule covering the kidney which is a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tissue? It is encompassed by a tough renal fascia.
Renal fat pad
serve to firmly anchor the kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneal position
Fascia
the entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: renal artery, renal vein, renal nerves, lymphatics, and the ureters
Renal hilum
What are the functions of kidney?
A. Nephrons, tiny structures in the renal pyramids, filter gallons of blood each day.
B. The kidneys reabsorb vital substances, remove unwanted ones, and return the filtered blood back to the body.
C. The kidneys also create urine to remove all the waste.
On frontal section the kidney reveals an outer region called (1) and an inner region called (2)
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla
5-8 renal pyramids are separated by?
Renal columns
If you divide the kidney longitudinally, you will see these structures.
Cortex, medulla, renal papilla, renal pelvis
How much blood does the renal artery and vein circulate at rest?
2 1/2 pints/min
Lobes are easiest to visualize in what animals?
Cattle and pigs
Flow of blood in the kidney.
Renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery
Interlobar artery branches into? (3)
Arcuate artery, cortical radiate arteries, afferent arterioles
afferent arterioles deliver blood into a modified capillary bed
glomerulus
1.3 million of these in each kidney and they function to filter the blood.
Nephrons
portal system is formed when the blood flows from the glomerulus to the efferent arteriole through a second capillary bed
Peritubular capillaries
Where are nephrons located?
cortex and renal pyramids
Nephrons perform the primary function of the kidneys which is?
regulating the concentration of water and other substances in the body
The structures within the cortex, primarily the (1), drive filtration, and the (2) are responsible for reabsorbing, excreting, and concentrating the urinary filtrate.
- Glomeruli
- Tubules within the medulla
What are the main components of nephron?
glomerulus
bowman’s space
proximal convoluted tubule
proximal straight tubule
Loop of henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Three main steps of urine formation.
Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
Other functions of nephrons?
Control blood pressure
RBC production
Calcium absorption
In each nephron, there is an afferent arteriole feeds a high-pressure capillary bed. What is this?
Glomerulus
Blood is filtered by the glomerulus to produce a fluid that is caught by the nephron tubule?
Filtrate
proximal end of the tubule that surrounds the glomerulus and catches the filtered fluid is the?
Glomerular (bowman’s) capsule
Forms the renal corpuscle.
Glomerulus and glomerulus capsule
Movement of filtrate in tubule.
PCT - Loop of henle - DCT - Common collecting ducts
Out of the glomerulus, efferent arteriole - peritibular capillaries
attached to the posterior abdominal wall and
located behind the peritoneum, therefore they are called as retroperitoneal organs that
lie in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior
abdominal wall, protected by muscle, fat and ribs
kidneys
kidneys sit in the back of the abdomen between the levels of?
T12 and L3
This capsule is covered by a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tissue,, which is encompassed by a tough renal fascia. The fascia serve to firmly anchor
the kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall in the retroperitoneal position.
renal fat pad
entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: renal artery, renal vein, renal nerves, lymphatics, and the ureters
renal hilum
In the medulla, how many renal pyramids are separated by connective tissue renal columns?
5-8
On frontal section the kidney reveals an outer region called the renal cortex and an inner
region called the renal medulla. Meanwhile, on longitudinal section, kidney can be divided into?
cortex, medulla, renal
papilla and renal pelvis
renal artery and vein circulate huge amounts of blood about _______, which is up to one-quarter of the heart’s to
2 1/2 pints/min at rest
Lobes are easiest to visualize in _______ wherein every single renal papilla drains
the overlying medulla and
cattle and pigs
The afferent arterioles deliver blood into a modified capillary bed called the _______
which is a component of the “functional unit” of the kidney called the ________
glomerulus,nephron
A portal system is formed when the blood flows from the glomerulus to the efferent
arteriole through a second capillary bed
peritubular arteries
Nephrons perform the primary function of the kidney which is?
regulating the concentration of water
