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ZZ2. histology (danica) > 16 Special Sense > Flashcards

16 Special Sense Flashcards

1
Q

The fluid produced by the ciliary body that fills the anterior and
posterior chambers.

A

aqueous humor

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2
Q

component of the uvea that extends from the edge of the optic
nerve to the pars plana

A

choroid

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3
Q

component of the vascular tunic that produces aqueous humor
and is the site of attachment for the ciliary processes and the lenticular
zonules

A

ciliary body

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4
Q

transparent, avascular structure in the anterior aspect of the eye that
functions to transmit and refract light

A

cornea

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5
Q

angle formed by the cornea and the root of the iris that is
the entrance to the trabecular meshwork, the site of outflow of the aqueous
humor

A

iridocorneal angle

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6
Q

anterior most portion of the vascular tunic that functions as a moveable
diaphragm between the anterior and posterior chamber

A

iris

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7
Q

biconvex transparent crystalline structure that is the second refracting
unit of the eye

A

lens

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8
Q

component of the nervous tunic of the eye containing photoreceptors
for light

A

retina

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9
Q

major component of the fibrous tunic in the eyes

A

sclera

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10
Q

nerve exiting the posterior aspect of the globe that extends to
the rest of the central nervous system

A

optic nerve

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11
Q

term for the vascular tunic of the eye

A

uvea

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12
Q

gel like material that fills the vitreous chamber

A

vitreous humor

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13
Q

gel like material that fills the vitreous chamber

A

vitreous humor

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14
Q

three tunics from the outside surface of the eye inward

A

(1) the fibrous tunic (cornea and sclera)
(2) the vascular tunic (iris, ciliary body, and choroid) (3) the neuroectodermal (nervous) tunic
(retina).

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15
Q

composed of the cornea and sclera

A

fibrous tunic

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16
Q

composed of the iris, ciliary body
and choroid

A

vascular tunic

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17
Q

composed of the retina

A

nervous tunic

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18
Q

Inside the eyeball, the lens is suspended in place by? which divides the interior of the eye into two regions, the anterior and posterior cavities

A

zonular fibers (also called the suspensory ligament)

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19
Q

extends from the posterior surface of the cornea
to the iris

A

anterior chamber

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20
Q

extends from the iris to the front surface of the
lens

A

posterior chamber

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21
Q

extends from the posterior surface of the lens to
the retina

A

vitreous chamber

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22
Q

anterior and posterior chambers are filled with the __________, a watery
fluid similar to plasma

A

aqueous humor

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23
Q

a transparent, avascular structure that
functions to transmit and
refract light, and as a
protective barrier for the
internal ocular contents

A

cornea

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24
Q

In general, the cornea of various species is remarkably similar, differing in?

A

thickness, curvature, shape

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25
Q

corneal epithelium is composed of a what epithelium?

A

stratified squamous, non-keratinized cell layer

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26
Q

supplies oxygen to
the cornea and approximately 10% of the glucose used by the cornea

A

tear film

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27
Q

in corneal epithelium, epithelial cells are divided into

A

basal, wing, and superficial cells

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28
Q

have microvilli, microplicae, and a glycocalyx on their surface to stabilize the tear film

A

superficial cells

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29
Q

contain abundant glycogen stores and are the
source of cells for the renewal of the outer layers

A

basal cells

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30
Q

responsible for the secretion of the
basement membrane, this membrane is composed of type IV collagen and
glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s

A

basal cells

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31
Q

Corneal stroma comprises ____ of the corneal thickness. It is composed of collagen fibers, keratocytes, and GAGs that account for 22%
of the stroma

A

90%

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32
Q

Corneal stroma comprises ____ of the corneal thickness. It is composed of collagen fibers, keratocytes, and GAGs that account for 22%
of the stroma

A

90%

33
Q

remaining 78% of the stroma is?

A

water

34
Q

The normal collagen in the corneal stroma is
type I and is more heavily glycosylated than in skin. When injured this is replaced by?

A

type III collagen

35
Q

affect hydration, thickness, and transparency

A

GAGs of stroma

36
Q

posterior limiting membrane or
Descemet’s membrane is a basal lamina
secreted by?

A

endothelium

37
Q

Comprised of type IV collagen and is
produced throughout life, continuing to increase in thickness with age. It is
insoluble except in strong acid or alkali and is more resistant to collagenase
than is the corneal stroma

A

descemet’s membrane

38
Q

The innermost layer of the cornea is the endothelium. The origin of this
layer is thought to be?

A

neural crest cells

39
Q

constitutes the major portion of the fibrous tunic and joins the
cornea at the limbus

A

sclera

40
Q

composed of loose bundles of collagen and elastic fibers, blood vessels, nerves, fibroblasts and, depending on the species and color
pattern, melanocytes

A

episclera

41
Q

origin of vascular tunic?

A

mesoderm

42
Q

anterior most portion of the vascular tunic and functions as a
moveable diaphragm between the anterior and posterior chambers

A

iris

43
Q

shape of pupil in dogs and rabbit?

A

circular

44
Q

shape of pupil in horse and owl

A

oval

45
Q

shape of pupil in horse and owl

A

oval

46
Q

shape of pupil in cats

A

vertical

47
Q

normally rest against the anterior lens surface
and in the absence of this support, the iris will tremble

A

central portion of iris

48
Q

The color of the iris depends on the pigmentation?

A

of both the stromal
melanocytes and the posterior epithelium

49
Q

animals with blue eyes the
pigment is absent in the _______, while in the albino it is lacking in both the
stroma and the posterior epithelium

A

stroma

50
Q

homolog of the epithelium of the choroid plexus of the brain. It is a monolayer of hexagonal cells which is continuous anteriorly with the pigmented epithelial layer of the ciliary body and the anterior epithelium of the iris

A

Retinal Pigmented Epithelium

51
Q

thickest near the optic nerve and thins towards the periphery

A

Sensory Retina

52
Q

rods are long and slender, while the cones tend to have a?

A

shorter, wider appearance

53
Q

source of production of the aqueous humor

A

Ciliary processes

54
Q

largest part of the vascular tunic, extending from the ciliary body to the optic disc where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball

A

choroid

55
Q

made of capillaries and is responsible for the nutrition of the outer parts of the retina

A

choroid

56
Q

outermost cells of the sensory retina and is also known as the rod and cone layer.In this layer, a photochemical process takes place to convert light to an electrical impulse occurs in the outer segment.

A

Photoreceptors (first neuron layer)

57
Q

less sensitive to light. They provide more detailed vision, color vision and predominant only in the fovea.

A

Cones

58
Q

highly sensitive to light. They provide minimal detail and are inactive during daylight vision.

A

rods

59
Q

receive input from the photoreceptors and transmit it to the ganglion cells. The nuclei of these cells form the inner nuclear layer.

A

integrating neurons

60
Q

receive input from the integrating neurons and transmit impulses to the brain

A

Ganglion cells (third neuron layer)

61
Q

supporting cells of the retina, however they do not participate directly in the electrical impulse transmission; lie in the inner nuclear layer among the nuclei of the bipolar neurons

A

Muller cells

62
Q

form the nerve fiber layer and converge at the posterior pole of the eye to form the optic nerve

A

axons of the ganglion cells

63
Q

complex process that involves a photochemical reaction converting light into electrical impulses.

A

Vision

64
Q

acts to reflect light back to the retina and allow more photons to be absorbed by photoreceptors and converted to an electrical potential.

A

tapetum

65
Q

biconvex transparent structure and is the second refracting unit of the eye. It lies posterior to the iris and is suspended from the ciliary body by the zonular fibers. It also has a posterior attachment to the anterior vitreous face where it lies in a depression of the vitreous, the patellar fossa.

A

lens

66
Q

unique tissue in that it is avascular, transparent, lacks nerve supply, and has the highest concentration of protein in the body.

A

Lens

67
Q

Suture lines are in a Y-shape, upright anteriorly and inverted posteriorly,

A

Human, dogs, and cats

68
Q

Suture lines are in a Y-shape, upright anteriorly and inverted posteriorly,

A

Human, dogs, and cats

69
Q

semifluid and transparent structure composed of 99% water with the remnants composed of collagen fiber matrix and mucopolysaccharide (hyaluronic acid)

A

Vitreous

70
Q

forms as the lens vesicle and optic cup are forming.

A

Primary vitreous

71
Q

produced by the Muller cells of the retina. As it forms, and the eye enlarges, the primary vitreous becomes proportionally smaller and axially located.

A

Secondary vitreous

72
Q

collects sound waves and directs them to the auditory canal; composed of an internal layer of elastic cartilage that is covered by fat and skin.

A

Auricle

73
Q

cavity in the temporal bone and extends from the tympanic membrane to theoval windowin the bony labyrinth

A

Middle ear

74
Q

The middle ear contains three tiny bones or auditory ossicles:

A

the malleus, incus, and stapes

75
Q

amplify incoming sound waves, passing them to the inner ear.

A

Middle ear

76
Q

innerearlies in the temporal bone, and it consists of interconnected canals filled with a fluid called

A

Endolymph

77
Q

cochleais a spiral canal within the bone that makes three turns around a central bony column called the

A

Modiolus

78
Q

receptor cells translate their movement into nerve impulses that travel via the_______to the brain, where they are perceived as sound.

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

79
Q

inner ear also houses the______, which provides the special sense of balance.

A

Vestibular system

ZZ2. histology (danica) (17 decks)

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