Lecture 3 - Connective Tissue

Question 1

make up the connecting or supporting framework for most of the organs of the body

Answer 1

connective tissues

Question 2

A specialized cell type that functions to store energy in the form of lipid and provide insulation

Answer 2

adipose

Question 3

The main type of protein that forms the non-cellular component of connective tissue

Answer 3

collagen

Question 4

very similar to hyaline cartilage, a type of flexible cartilage primarily located in the ear and nose

Answer 4

elastic cartilage

Question 5

Type of connective tissue fiber that provides connective tissue with the ability to stretch

Answer 5

elastin

Question 6

Elongated or spindle shaped with a scant amount of cytoplasm that are the primarily source of collagen precursor proteins

Answer 6

fibroblasts

Question 7

A type of cartilage that has a higher collagen content that gives it a tougher nature than hyaline cartilage

Answer 7

fibrocartilage

Question 8

The primary type of connective tissue found in the body that is predominantly formed from collagen

Answer 8

fibrous connective tissue

Question 9

The most common type of cartilage seen primarily on joint surfaces.

Answer 9

hyaline cartilage

Question 10

A subtype of collagen which are delicate and unorganized. Acts as a meshwork to hold the cells of an organ together.

Answer 10

reticulin

Question 11

In contrast to epithelia, connective tissue is sparsely populated by cells and contains an extensive extracellular matrix consisting of?

Answer 11

protein fibers
proteoglycans
glycoproteins

Question 12

Give the major functions of connective tissues.

Answer 12

provide structural and mechanical support for other tissues, and to mediate the exchange of nutrients and waste between the circulation and other tissues

Question 13

two principal components of CT

Answer 13

extracellular matrix and variety of supporting cells

Question 14

three distinguishing types of extracellular fibers:

Answer 14

collagenous, elastic, reticular

Question 15

It is about 25% of the body’s protein (most abundant type). In fresh tissue they have a glistening white appearance making them known as white fibers

Answer 15

collagenous fibers

Question 16

They have also a high tensile strength and thus can be stretched to 5% of their original length. For example, tendons, ligaments, deep layer of the skin(dermis), capsules

Answer 16

collagenous fibers

Question 17

collagen found in placental basal laminae, tendon, and muscle sheaths

Answer 17

TYPE V

Question 18

collagen found in basal laminae of epithelia

Answer 18

TYPE IV

Question 19

collagen found in reticular fibers, healing wounds, smooth muscle, and fetal skin.

Answer 19

TYPE III

Question 20

found in hyaline and elastic cartilage and in vitreous body of eye

Answer 20

TYPE II

Question 21

collagen that is most common, found in every connective tissue

Answer 21

TYPE I

Question 22

usually occur as individual, branching and anatomizing fibers made of a protein called elastin whose coiled structure allows it to stretch and recoil like rubber band

Answer 22

elastic fibers

Question 23

Elastic fibers found in organs whose normal function requires elasticity. Give example of these organs.

Answer 23

external ear, vocal cords, trachea, lungs, ligamentum nuchae, skin and arteries

Question 24

composed of type III collagen, they are thin delicate fibers that form mesh-like networks in organs such as spleen, kidneys and lymph nodes

Answer 24

reticular fibers

Question 25

an aqueous gel of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which predominantly of proteoglycans that occupies the space between cellular and fiber elements of the connective tissue.

Answer 25

ground substance

Question 26

What are the 7 major types of proteoglycans?

Answer 26

hyaluronic acid chondroitin-4 sulfate chondroitin-6 sulfate dermatin sulphate keratin sulphate heparin sulphate heparin

Question 27

It is a non - sulphated glucosamino-glycan that is not linked to a protein. It is large, long molecule that forms networks whose space is filled with tissue fluids

Answer 27

hyaluronic acid

Question 28

Hyaluronic acid is found in?

Answer 28

vitreous humor of the eye, synovial fluid, umbilical cord, loose connective tissue, skin and cartilage.

Question 29

chondroitin-6 sulfate is abundant in?

Answer 29

cartilage, arteries, skin and cornea

Question 30

dermatin sulphate?

Answer 30

Found in skin, tendon, ligamentum nuchae, sclera and lung.

Question 31

keratin sulphate is present in?

Answer 31

cartilage bone cornea

Question 32

heparin sulphate is found in

Answer 32

arteries and lungs

Question 33

heparin is found in what organs

Answer 33

most cells, lung, liver and skin

Question 34

Cells that are frequently encountered in connective tissue. They are involved in production of connective tissue fibers and amorphous ground substances (AGS)

Answer 34

fixed or resident cells

Question 35

Cells that are encountered less frequently and most of them have protective role. They include macrophages/monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells, plasma cells granulocytes and melanocytes.

Answer 35

free or transient cells

Question 36

by far the most common native cell type of connective tissue

Answer 36

fibroblast

Question 37

They are generally elongated and spindle shaped common fixed cells with nucleus surrounded by pale scanty cytoplasm. They are relatively inactive metabolically and appear as fine structures in adult animal

Answer 37

fibrocytes

Question 38

connective tissue representative of the reticuloendothelial, or mononuclear phagocyte system

Answer 38

macrophage

Question 39

release large amounts of histamine and enzymes in response to antigen recognition.

Answer 39

mast cells

Question 40

Give some examples of loose connective tissue.

Answer 40

lamina propria of the alimentary and respiratory tracts, mucous membranes of reproductive and urinary tracts, glands, mesentery, and dermis of the skin

Question 41

has collagen fibers aligned parallel to each other; this arrangement provides the tissue with high unidirectional resistance to stress.

Answer 41

dense regular connective tissue

Question 42

has collagen fibers randomly interwoven, forming a three-dimensional network resistant to distension in all directions. It is usually located in the capsules and walls of the organs, the dermis of the skin, and glands.

Answer 42

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 43

This is a very fragile connective tissue composed of thin strands of collagen fibers that contains a large amount of interstitial water content

Answer 43

embryonic CT

Question 44

the process of bone formation from an existing connective tissue

Answer 44

Osteogenesis

Question 45

This process is when bone forms directly from mesenchyme

Answer 45

Intramembraneous ossification

Question 46

The process of bone formation in a preexisting cartilage model

Answer 46

Endochondral ossification

Question 47

What are the basic functions of connective tissue?

Answer 47

1. Binding of organs 2. Provide framework for the structure of other organs 3. Support the entire body by means of cartilage and bones 4. Physical protection 5. Movement 6. Thermoregulation 7. Storage 8. Transport

Question 48

Two non-cellular biological materials of ECM

Answer 48

a. The fiber component b. Ground substance