Lecture 3 - Connective Tissue Flashcards
make up the connecting or supporting framework for most of the organs of the body
connective tissues
A specialized cell type that functions to store energy in the form of lipid and provide insulation
adipose
The main type of protein that forms the non-cellular component of connective tissue
collagen
very similar to hyaline cartilage, a type of flexible cartilage primarily located in the ear and nose
elastic cartilage
Type of connective tissue fiber that provides connective tissue with the ability to stretch
elastin
Elongated or spindle shaped with a scant amount of cytoplasm that are the primarily source of collagen precursor proteins
fibroblasts
A type of cartilage that has a higher collagen content that gives it a tougher nature than hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
The primary type of connective tissue found in the body that is predominantly formed from collagen
fibrous connective tissue
The most common type of cartilage seen primarily on joint surfaces.
hyaline cartilage
A subtype of collagen which are delicate and unorganized. Acts as a meshwork to hold the cells of an organ together.
reticulin
In contrast to epithelia, connective tissue is sparsely populated by cells and contains an extensive extracellular matrix consisting of?
protein fibers
proteoglycans
glycoproteins
Give the major functions of connective tissues.
provide structural and mechanical support for other tissues, and to mediate the exchange of nutrients and waste between the circulation and other tissues
two principal components of CT
extracellular matrix and variety of supporting cells
three distinguishing types of extracellular fibers:
collagenous, elastic, reticular
It is about 25% of the body’s protein (most abundant type). In fresh tissue they have a glistening white appearance making them known as white fibers
collagenous fibers
They have also a high tensile strength and thus can be stretched to 5% of their original length. For example, tendons, ligaments, deep layer of the skin(dermis), capsules
collagenous fibers
collagen found in placental basal laminae, tendon, and muscle sheaths
TYPE V
collagen found in basal laminae of epithelia
TYPE IV
collagen found in reticular fibers, healing wounds, smooth muscle, and fetal skin.
TYPE III
found in hyaline and elastic cartilage and in vitreous body of eye
TYPE II
collagen that is most common, found in every connective tissue
TYPE I
usually occur as individual, branching and anatomizing fibers made of a protein called elastin whose coiled structure allows it to stretch and recoil like rubber band
elastic fibers
Elastic fibers found in organs whose normal function requires elasticity. Give example of these organs.
external ear, vocal cords, trachea, lungs, ligamentum nuchae, skin and arteries
composed of type III collagen, they are thin delicate fibers that form mesh-like networks in organs such as spleen, kidneys and lymph nodes
reticular fibers
an aqueous gel of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which predominantly of proteoglycans that occupies the space between cellular and fiber elements of the connective tissue.
ground substance
What are the 7 major types of proteoglycans?
hyaluronic acid
chondroitin-4 sulfate
chondroitin-6 sulfate
dermatin sulphate
keratin sulphate
heparin sulphate
heparin
It is a non - sulphated glucosamino-glycan that is not linked to a protein. It is large, long molecule that forms networks whose space is filled with tissue fluids
hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid is found in?
vitreous humor of the eye, synovial fluid, umbilical cord, loose connective tissue, skin and cartilage.
chondroitin-6 sulfate is abundant in?
cartilage, arteries, skin and cornea
dermatin sulphate?
Found in skin, tendon, ligamentum nuchae, sclera and lung.
keratin sulphate is present in?
cartilage
bone
cornea
heparin sulphate is found in
arteries and lungs
heparin is found in what organs
most cells, lung, liver and skin
Cells that are frequently encountered in connective tissue. They are involved in production of connective tissue fibers and amorphous ground substances (AGS)
fixed or resident cells
Cells that are encountered less frequently and most of them have protective role. They include macrophages/monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells, plasma cells granulocytes and melanocytes.
free or transient cells
by far the most common native cell type of connective tissue
fibroblast
They are generally elongated and spindle shaped common fixed cells with nucleus surrounded by pale scanty cytoplasm. They are relatively inactive metabolically and appear as fine structures in adult animal
fibrocytes
connective tissue representative of the reticuloendothelial, or mononuclear phagocyte system
macrophage
release large amounts of histamine and enzymes in response to antigen recognition.
mast cells
Give some examples of loose connective tissue.
lamina propria of the alimentary and respiratory tracts, mucous membranes of reproductive and urinary tracts, glands, mesentery, and dermis of the skin
has collagen fibers aligned parallel to each other;
this arrangement provides the tissue with high unidirectional resistance to stress.
dense regular connective tissue
has collagen fibers randomly interwoven, forming a three-dimensional network resistant to distension in all directions. It is usually located in the capsules and walls of the organs, the dermis of the skin, and glands.
dense irregular connective tissue
This is a very fragile connective tissue composed of thin strands of collagen fibers that contains a large amount of interstitial water content
embryonic CT
the process of bone formation from an existing connective tissue
Osteogenesis
This process is when bone forms directly from mesenchyme
Intramembraneous ossification
The process of bone formation in a preexisting cartilage model
Endochondral ossification
What are the basic functions of connective tissue?
- Binding of organs
- Provide framework for the structure of other organs
- Support the entire body by means of cartilage and bones
- Physical protection
- Movement
- Thermoregulation
- Storage
- Transport
Two non-cellular biological materials of ECM
a. The fiber component
b. Ground substance
