nervous system: diencephalon, cerebellum and brain stems, brain systems Flashcards
what is the diencephalon?
deep to cerebrum(wrapped in cerebral hemispheres) has 3 components
what is the thalamus?
egg-shaped(approx 80% of diencephalon)
gateway to cerebral cortex
screens incoming sensory info and relays it to cortex
what is the hypothalamus?
-bellow the thalamus
-secretes hormones that control the endocrine system
-seat of emotions(pleasure, rage, fear, sex drive
-regulation of body temp
-hunger and thirst
SEE THAT
what is the epithalamus?
-above the thalamus
-region not a structure near 3rd ventricle
-pineal glands located here secretes hormone melatonin
characteristics of cerebellum?
2 cerebellar hemispheres
connected by worm-like vermis
outer grey matter=folia
inner grey matter=arbor vitae
functions of cerebellum?
-subconscious coordination of movement as dictated by motor cortex
-proper timing and force to motor commands
-subconscious control of posture
-subconscious processing of some sensory input
-ipsilateral
what is the brain stem?
-continuous with spinal cord
-same structural plan as spinal cord
-fibre tracts to and from spinal cord here
-cranial nerves arise here
what are the three regions of the brain stem?
midbrain (mesencephalon)
pons
medula oblongata
functions of midbrain
surrounds cerebral aqueduct
where is the substantia nigra found and its function?
located in midbrain and regulates activity of basal nuclei; movement
what connects cerebrum with spinal cord?
cerebral peduncles which contain corticospinal tracts which connect them
what are the corpura quadrigemina?
4 littles bodies, 2 superior colliculi
2 inferior colliculi
what is the pons?
bridge connects cerebellum and brainstem with cerebrum, works with medulla to regulate inhalation and exhalation
what is the medula oblongata?
directly contacts spinal cord at formamen magnum, autonomic functions (ANS) regulated here
what are some autonomic functions the medula oblongata controls?
breathing rate and pattern, smooth muscle digestions and blood pressure, heart muscle rate and force of contraction
what does the limbic system do?
its our emotional brain, behavioural drives and emotions go to hypothalamus(hunger, fear, sex, rage)
memory-cerebral nuclei (hippocampus and amygdala and cerebral cortex cingulate gyrus
fornix association fibres linking components of limbic system
reticular activating system RAS
alert consciousness
centered in midbrain- triggers widespread activation (arousal) of cerebral cortex
what structure has complex thought processes?
cerebrum
what structure regulates body temp?
hypothalamus
what structure regulates heart rate and BP?
medula oblongata
what structure is our visual and auditory reflexes?
corpura quadrigemina
what structure is the master endocrine gland?
pituitary
what structure is the subconscious coordination of movement and posture?
cerebellum
what connects the 3rd to the 4th ventricles
cerebral aqueducts
