nervous system: BBB and cerebrum Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the blood brain barier?

A

special capillaries in brain form selective barriers; have
tight junctions between ependymal and capillary
thickened basal lamina
astrocytes wrap around capillaries
stimulate formation of tight junctions
make brain capillaries much less permeable

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2
Q

what substances can cross the BBB?

A

hydrophobic molecules (lipids) and gases

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3
Q

what does BBB regulate and restrict?

A

movement of all other molecules

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4
Q

what are the four main regions of the brain?

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. diencephalon
  3. brain stem
  4. cerebellum
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5
Q

characteristics of the cerebrum?

A

largest component (85% brain mass)
complex thought processing/memory
2 hemispheres(separated by longitudinal fissure)-joined by nerve tract (corpus callosum)
surface has gyri(folds) and sulci(grooves)

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6
Q

what are the four functional lobes

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

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7
Q

what are the three regions of cerebrum?

A

cerebral cortex, white mater, and basal nuclei

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8
Q

function of the cerebral cortex?

A

motor-voluntary muscle control learned movements
sensory-interprets sensory stimuli(sound/vision/odors)
association-integration of sensory info (memory)

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9
Q

characteristics of cerebral cortex?

A

most superficial
grey matter(cell bods of neurons/neurgolia)
has gyri and sulci
home of consciousness

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10
Q

functions of the white matter?

A

myelinated axons communicate with other parts of the brain
axons bundled into nerve tracts

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11
Q

three types of fibres in white matter?

A

commisural fibres- connect L/R cerebral hemi ex corpus callosum
association fibres- connections within the same hemi ex fornix
projection fibres- connect cerebral cortex with deeper parts of the brain ex tracts

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12
Q

characteristics of basal nuclei?

A

paired masses of grey matter (inferior to lateral ventricles)
caudate nuclei and lentiform nucleus (intiate/regulate voluntary movement)
claustrum(subconscious processing of visual stimuli )

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13
Q

functions of frontal lobe?

A

primary motor cortex
voluntary control of skeletal muscles
decision making and impulse control
primary motor cortex in the protectional gyrus

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14
Q

functions of parietal lobes?

A

primary sensory cortex
conscious perception of touch pain temp taste
primary sensory cortex in the parietal gyrus

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15
Q

function of occipital lobes

A

visual cortex
conscious perception of visual stimuli

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16
Q

function of temporal lobes

A

auditory and olfactory cortex
conscious perception of sounds/odors

17
Q

what do all lobes have in common?

A

integration/processing sensory data; processing and initiation of motor activities

18
Q

what is the function of the left hemisphere?

A

linear/logical thought sequences numbers/letters/words