lab exam Flashcards
function of an erytrocyte?
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
function of a neutrophil?
kills bacteria by phagocytosis and respiratory burst, englufs damaged or dying cells
function of an lymphocyte?
produces a specific immune responce by direct cell attack or via antibodies
function of a monocyte?
develops into phagocytic macrophage and triggers specific defenses by presenting antigen to T cells
what is an eiosinophil?
releases enzymes to destroy parasites, decreases allergic responce by engulfing antibody labelled materials
what is a basophil?
releases histamine to trigger inflammatory responce involved in allergic reactions
what are thrombocytes?
forms plug to seal small tears in blood vessels, releases chemicals that stimulate blood clotting
what are major components of plasma?
90% water or solvent
8% proteins
nutrients gases wastes hormones ions
what are the three primary classes of proteins where are they produced?
albumin, globulin and clotting factors and all are produced in the liver
neutrophils normal range for a differential count? plus increased/decreased levels and why they occur
50 -70%
increased- acute bacterial infection, myelocyticleukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, stress
decreased- aplastic+ pernicals anemia, viral infection, radiation treatment, some medications
lymphocyte normal range for a differnetial count. plus increased/decreased levels and why they occur
20-30%
increased- lymphatic leukemia, infectious mononucleiosis, viral infections
decreased- radiation therapy, aids, corticosteroid therapy
monocyte normal range for a differnetial count. plus increased/decreased levels and why they occur
2-8%
increased- chronic inflammation, viral infections, tuberculosis
decreased- aplastic anemia, corticosteriod therapy
eosinophils normal range for a differnetial count. plus increased/decreased levels and why they occur
2-4%
increased- allergies, parasitic infections, auto-immune disorders
decreased- steroid therapy
basophils eosinophils normal range for a differnetial count. plus increased/decreased levels and why they occur
0.5-1%
increased- inflammatory process, during healing
decreased- hypersenitivity reactions
what is leukemia?
incontrollable leukopoiesis/ cancer of red bone marrow
what is leukocytosis?
high white blood cell count
what is leukopenia?
low white blood cell count
what is leukopoiesis?
formation of white blood cells/ leukocytes
what is the buffy coat?
white blood cells and platelets at the interface between rbc and plasma
how do you calculate hct?
height of rbc column/total height of blood column x100
how do you calculate mcv?
hct/rbc count x10
how do you calculate mch?
hb/rbc count x10
normal range for hb, hct, mcv, mch?
hb 14-18g/dl
hct- 42-52%
mcv-82-92um
mch- 27-31pg
what is a microcyte?
a smaller than usual rbc associated with certain anemias
what is a marcocyte?
rbc that are larger then normal
what is hyperchromic?
higher amount of hemoglobin
what is hypochromic?
rbc have less colour than usual means lower amount of hemoglobin
where do the coronary arteries originate from?
the aorta
coronary sinus delivers oxygenated blood to the…
right atrium
what is CAD?
coronary artery disease
plaque buildup in the walls of the coronary system
what is coronary ischemia and what causes it?
blood flow to heart muscle is obstructed by blockage of coronary arteries from buildup of plaque so it has less oxygen at cardiomyocytes die =muscle
what is a myocardial infarction?
lack of blood flow meaning low amount of oxygen to myocardium and blood flow is blocked = portion of myocardiocytes die
what is a CABG?
coronary artery bypass graft
surgical treatment to treat coronary heart disease diverts blood around narrowed or clogged parts to improve blood flow and oxygen
what two arteries does brain receive blood from?
vertebral arteries and common carotid arteries
what do the vertebral arteries pass through?
transverse foramina in the cervical vertebrae
what is CVA?
cerebral vascular accident or a stroke
3 possible symptoms of a stroke
slurred speech
droppy face
numbness and weakness of right side
confusion
why is middle cerebral artery common site for CVA?
large vessel and embolism often come up it as it is a common place for clots
a cva involving the left branch of the artery will cause?
right sided weakness and motor skill loss as that area of brain is contralateral
what is hemmorrhagic stroke?
open bleed in brain from ruptered blood vessel due to aneriusm
what is a thrombotic stroke?
blockage preventing blood flow
WBC test
white blood cells
leukopenia= low
leukocytosis= high
RBC test
red blood cells
high=low oxygen levels
low=anemia
Hb/ hgb
hemoglobin content of blood
high=polycythemia
low=anemia
Hct
hematocrit levels = percent volume taken upby red blood cells
high=macrocytic
low=microcytic
mcv
average size of erythrocytes
low- hypochromic
high= hyperchromic
platelet count
thrombocytes
high=thrombocytosis
low=thrombocytopenia
crp
c reactive protein in liver
high=risk of heart diease
pt
prothrombin time
=time for thrombin to clot
high=clot is formed slowly
ldh
lactate dehydrogenase
high=hemolytic anemia
low= not harmful
cpk
creatine phosphkinate muscle enzyme
high=stress of injury
low= c.t disease, alcohol liver
ck-mb
creatine kinase in cardiac muscle cells
high=damage to heart muscle