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BIO 118 > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

central nervous system

A

CNS

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

PNS

composed of all nervous tissue outside CNS, including nerves and ganglia

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3
Q

2 types of cells

A

neuroglial

neurons

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4
Q

neuroglial

A

support cells

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5
Q

neurons

A

electrical impulses
for every neuron, you have about 9 neuroglial cells
sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

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6
Q

sensory neuron

A

receptors that signal heat, pain, etc

neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

interneuron

A

process info

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8
Q

motor neuron

A

connected to an effector that tell you what to do (glands, organs, muscles)
transmit action potentials from CNS to the periphery

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9
Q

myelin sheath

A

lipid cover that surrounds an axon

insulates

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10
Q

nodes of ravier

A

gaps in the myelin sheath

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11
Q

nerve impulse

A

message that a neuron carries

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12
Q

action potential

A

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon (travels in a wave, only moves in one direction) all-or-nothing, has to reach -65mV on a resting nerve

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13
Q

refractory period

A

time it takes to reset before a neuron can fire another impulse

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14
Q

saltatory conduction

A

jumps

350 mph

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15
Q

transmission

A

calcium goes in, neurotransmitter comes out

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16
Q

integration

A

dendrites connecting to soma’s of other neurons

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17
Q

ventricles

A

sinuses in the brain

stores excess cerbra spinal fluid

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18
Q

hydrocephaly

A

water on the brain

makes babies head bigger

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19
Q

gray matter

A

unmyleinated nervous tissue

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20
Q

white matter

A

myleinated nervous tissue

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21
Q

spinal cord

A

connects brain to peripheral nerves

many different tracts

22
Q

parts of the brain

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
cerebellum
brain stem

23
Q

cerebrum

A

largets portion
higher though process occur (learning, speech, memory)
longitudinal fissure (sepertaes left and right)
sulk; groove sin brain
carpus collosum
association areas decide if you have done something before

24
Q

carpus collosum

A

joins left and right hemisphere (deep in the brain)

25
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus; receive all sensory input but smell

hypothalamus; below the thalamus, run homeostasis

26
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination

receives sensory and motor input a coordinates them

27
Q

brain stem

A

connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain
midbrain; reflex enters and colliculi
pons; connects
M.O; medulla oblongata (regulate bp, heart rate, breathing)
reticular formation; alertness and filter out background

28
Q

limbic system

A

primitive emotion with higher mental functions
hippocampus; gradually eroding leads to Alzheimer’s (sensory and memories)
amygdala; associates emotions with everything and triggers memories

29
Q

higher mental fucntions

A 
memory
learning
long term
short term
semantic
episodic
skill
30
Q

language and speech

A

left side
wernickes area
brocas area
visual cortex

31
Q

wernickes area

A

comprehend

32
Q

broca’s area

A

response

33
Q

visual cortex

A

seeing

34
Q

left/right

A

left: verbal, lingual, logical, analytical, rational
right: intuition, craetivity, visual spacial

35
Q

somatic system

A

serves skin, muscles, tendons

deals with reflexes

36
Q

autonomic system

A

regulate cardiac and smooth muscle and galnds
sympathetic
parasympathetic

37
Q

sympathetic

A

centered in middle of spinal cord

fight or flight

38
Q

parasympathetic

A

aobove and below centers

relaxing

39
Q

short term memory

A

hold things in 7 blocks

temporary

40
Q

semantic

A

numbers and words

41
Q

episodic

A

people and events

42
Q

skill

A

some sort of motor function

43
Q

ganglion

A

cluster of nerve cell bodies

31 pairs of spinal nerves

44
Q

Alzheimers

A

CNS

plaque build up in the brain

45
Q

parkinsons

A

nerves are extra stimulated

46
Q

cocaine

A

hyperactive

body makes less dopamine

47
Q

drug abuse

A

effects limbic system

promotes or retards neurotransmitters

48
Q

alcohol

A

depressant

digested in stomach

49
Q

nicotine

A

cns
releases dopamine
stimulates nervous system
increase heart rate and bp

50
Q

soma

A

cell body

51
Q

dendrite

A

info goes in

52
Q

threshold

A

As soon as you hit it the neuron fires (-40 mV)

BIO 118 (18 decks)

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