Chapter 18: Excretory System

Question 1

alkalosis

Answer 1

higher in PH
kidney helps regulate
higher than 6.45

Question 2

acidosis

Answer 2

lower in ph
lower than 6.42
kidney helps regulate

Question 3

Loop of Henle

Answer 3

u shaped

section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine

Question 4

calyx

Answer 4

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

Question 5

external urinary sphincter

Answer 5

Used to control the exit of urine. Made up of striated muscle and is voluntary.
Makes and females
Allows someone to start or stop flow of urine

Question 6

nephron

Answer 6

collection of is called renal pyramid
functional unit of kidney
filters
Renal corpuscle in cortex

Question 7

urination

Answer 7

emptying of the bladder

Question 8

3 steps in urine formation

Answer 8

glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

Question 9

Functions of the Excretory system

Answer 9

excretion, regulate blood vol and pressure, regulate ions and molecules in blood, hormone secretion, vitamin D synthesis

Question 10

diuertics

Answer 10

substance that makes you pee

Question 11

internal urinary sphincter

Answer 11

Used to control the exit of urine. Made up of smooth muscle and is involuntary
Males
Stops semen from entering bladder during sex

Question 12

ureter tubes

Answer 12

comes from kidneys and attaches to bladder

Question 13

medula

Answer 13

inner region of kidney

nephrons are found

Question 14

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 14

particles (waste) that are too big can be actively picked up

Question 15

renal pelvis

Answer 15

central collecting region in the kidney

Question 16

trigone

Answer 16

smooth area at base of bladder between the openings of the two ureters and that of the urethra

Question 17

Cortex

Answer 17

outer layer of kidneys

Question 18

peritubular capillary network

Answer 18

capillary network that surrounds a nephron and functions in reabsorption during urine formation

Question 19

urinary bladder

Answer 19

inernal and external sphincters
600 ml of fluid
Hollow muscular container that lies in pelvic cavity

Question 20

Aldosterone

Answer 20

Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and water

Question 21

urethra

Answer 21

tube leading out of bladder
women: 4cm
males: 20cm
receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of the body.

Question 22

Kidney

Answer 22

Pair of organs in the abdominal cavity that excretes urine.

Question 23

ADH

Answer 23

anti-diuretic horomone

Question 24

diagnostic pee

Answer 24

fruity smell: diabetes

red: bleeding caused by stones, uti, cancers, long runs, too many beets or rhubarb
foamy: proteins due to kidney damage caused by diabetes or hypertension
brown: liver damage (bile)

Question 25

glomerulus

Answer 25

knot of capillaries at ends of nephrons

Question 26

Hilum

Answer 26

• Part of an organ where the nerves and vessels enter and leave
• Blood vessels and ureter attach

Question 27

ANH

Answer 27

atrial natriuretic horomone
makes you not pee as much
body produces

Question 28

disorders of the excretory system

Answer 28

kidney dialysis

Question 29

proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 29

first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients (brushlike)

Question 30

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 30

enlarged end of the nephron

this and the glomerulus make up renal corpuscle

Question 31

Filtrate

Answer 31

Fluid across the filtration membrane