Chapter 18: Excretory System Flashcards

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1
Q

alkalosis

A

higher in PH
kidney helps regulate
higher than 6.45

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2
Q

acidosis

A

lower in ph
lower than 6.42
kidney helps regulate

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3
Q

Loop of Henle

A

u shaped

section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine

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4
Q

calyx

A

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

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5
Q

external urinary sphincter

A

Used to control the exit of urine. Made up of striated muscle and is voluntary.
Makes and females
Allows someone to start or stop flow of urine

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6
Q

nephron

A

collection of is called renal pyramid
functional unit of kidney
filters
Renal corpuscle in cortex

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7
Q

urination

A

emptying of the bladder

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8
Q

3 steps in urine formation

A

glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

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9
Q

Functions of the Excretory system

A

excretion, regulate blood vol and pressure, regulate ions and molecules in blood, hormone secretion, vitamin D synthesis

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10
Q

diuertics

A

substance that makes you pee

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11
Q

internal urinary sphincter

A

Used to control the exit of urine. Made up of smooth muscle and is involuntary
Males
Stops semen from entering bladder during sex

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12
Q

ureter tubes

A

comes from kidneys and attaches to bladder

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13
Q

medula

A

inner region of kidney

nephrons are found

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14
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

particles (waste) that are too big can be actively picked up

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15
Q

renal pelvis

A

central collecting region in the kidney

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16
Q

trigone

A

smooth area at base of bladder between the openings of the two ureters and that of the urethra

17
Q

Cortex

A

outer layer of kidneys

18
Q

peritubular capillary network

A

capillary network that surrounds a nephron and functions in reabsorption during urine formation

19
Q

urinary bladder

A

inernal and external sphincters
600 ml of fluid
Hollow muscular container that lies in pelvic cavity

20
Q

Aldosterone

A

Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and water

21
Q

urethra

A

tube leading out of bladder
women: 4cm
males: 20cm
receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of the body.

22
Q

Kidney

A

Pair of organs in the abdominal cavity that excretes urine.

23
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic horomone

24
Q

diagnostic pee

A

fruity smell: diabetes

red: bleeding caused by stones, uti, cancers, long runs, too many beets or rhubarb
foamy: proteins due to kidney damage caused by diabetes or hypertension
brown: liver damage (bile)

25
Q

glomerulus

A

knot of capillaries at ends of nephrons

26
Q

Hilum

A
  • Part of an organ where the nerves and vessels enter and leave
  • Blood vessels and ureter attach
27
Q

ANH

A

atrial natriuretic horomone
makes you not pee as much
body produces

28
Q

disorders of the excretory system

A

kidney dialysis

29
Q

proximal convoluted tubule

A

first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients (brushlike)

30
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

enlarged end of the nephron

this and the glomerulus make up renal corpuscle

31
Q

Filtrate

A

Fluid across the filtration membrane