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BIO 118 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cytoskeleton

A

attaching and moving organelles around

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2
Q

nucleus

A

the nuclear envelope (contains most of the genetic material in the cell)
stores DNA
nucleolus

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3
Q

nucleolus

A

makes rRNA

makes ribosomes

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4
Q

ribosomes

A

makes proteins

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5
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth
rough
golgi apparatus

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6
Q

rough ER

A

covered with ribosomes

transfers proteins

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7
Q

smooth ER

A

process and transfer lipids

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8
Q

golgi apparatus

A

process, package, and distribute proteins

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9
Q

endocytosis

A

bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane by taking it into a vesicle
-phagocytosis (cell eating)
pinocytosis (drinking)

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10
Q

exocytosis

A

elimination of material from a cell through the formation of vesicles

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11
Q

lysosomes

A

digetsive enzymes

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12
Q

peroxisomes

A

removes peroxide

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13
Q

apoptosis

A

program cell death

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14
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse of cell

makes ATP

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15
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A

theory that mitochondria has a double membrane

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16
Q

centrioles

A

cell division

small organelle that divides and migrates to each pole of the nucleus during cell division

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17
Q

cell cycle

A

splitting into 2 cells

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18
Q

cilia

A

finger-like projections in respiratory tract, movement of foreign particles

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19
Q

flagella

A

long, single, whiplike structure, cellular movement (sperm)

20
Q

microvilli

A

extension of cell membrane, increase surface area for absorbtion

21
Q

cell fucntions

A 
basic unit of life
protection and support
movement
communication
metabolism
inheritance
22
Q

cell theory

A

cells come from cells

all living things are made from cells

23
Q

how many cells the body contains

A

more than 1000 trillion

24
Q

differentiation

A

what the cells grow up to become
over 200 types of cells
resuls from the slective activation and inactivation of segments of DNA

25
Q

stem cells

A

generic cell

hasnt differntiated yet

26
Q

tonicity

A 
-amount of substance dissolved in another
solution
solvent
solute 
diffusion
osmosis 
crenation
lysis
27
Q

solution

A

mixture of two or more substances

28
Q

solvent

A

substance in which the solute is dissolved

29
Q

solute

A

a substance dissolved in another substance

30
Q

diffusion

A

random movement of molecules from high conc to low conc

31
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water

32
Q

crenation

A

lost all water, shrivels up

33
Q

lysis

A

to break or burst

34
Q

hypotonic

A

less solute in the solution than in the cell

causes cells to swell

35
Q

isotonic

A

solution that causes cells to neither shrink nor swell

36
Q

hypertonic

A

more solute in the solution than in the cell

causes cells to shrink

37
Q

passive transport

A

no energy
high to low conc
diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

38
Q

active transport

A

low to high conc

requires energy

39
Q

secondary active transport

A

contransport (same directions)

countertransport (diff direction)

40
Q

cellular metabolism

A

ways cells get energy
cellular respiration
fermentation
creatine breakdown

41
Q

cellular respiration

A

glycolosis ( glucose is broken down)
citric acid cycle (mitochondria)
electron transport
aerobic ( have to have oxygen to complete)

42
Q

fermentation

A

lactic acid
anaerobic (runs out of oxygen)
energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available

43
Q

creatine breakdown

A

only in chordates and echinoderms

44
Q

the smaller the cell…

A

the mor efficient bc it has a greater surface to volume ratio

45
Q

aging

A 
cellular clock
death genes (programmed into DNA)
DNA damage (shortening of telomers)
free radicals ( cause damage and mutation)
mitochondrial damage (loss of energy, restricted calories may reduce damage)
46
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

doesn’t require energy and moves substances into or out of cells from higher to lower concentration

BIO 118 (18 decks)

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