Chapter 3

Question 1

cytoskeleton

Answer 1

attaching and moving organelles around

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

the nuclear envelope (contains most of the genetic material in the cell)
stores DNA
nucleolus

Question 3

nucleolus

Answer 3

makes rRNA

makes ribosomes

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

makes proteins

Question 5

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

smooth
rough
golgi apparatus

Question 6

rough ER

Answer 6

covered with ribosomes

transfers proteins

Question 7

smooth ER

Answer 7

process and transfer lipids

Question 8

golgi apparatus

Answer 8

process, package, and distribute proteins

Question 9

endocytosis

Answer 9

bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane by taking it into a vesicle
-phagocytosis (cell eating)
pinocytosis (drinking)

Question 10

exocytosis

Answer 10

elimination of material from a cell through the formation of vesicles

Question 11

lysosomes

Answer 11

digetsive enzymes

Question 12

peroxisomes

Answer 12

removes peroxide

Question 13

apoptosis

Answer 13

program cell death

Question 14

mitochondria

Answer 14

powerhouse of cell

makes ATP

Question 15

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 15

theory that mitochondria has a double membrane

Question 16

centrioles

Answer 16

cell division

small organelle that divides and migrates to each pole of the nucleus during cell division

Question 17

cell cycle

Answer 17

splitting into 2 cells

Question 18

cilia

Answer 18

finger-like projections in respiratory tract, movement of foreign particles

Question 19

flagella

Answer 19

long, single, whiplike structure, cellular movement (sperm)

Question 20

microvilli

Answer 20

extension of cell membrane, increase surface area for absorbtion

Question 21

cell fucntions

Answer 21

basic unit of life
protection and support
movement
communication
metabolism
inheritance

Question 22

cell theory

Answer 22

cells come from cells

all living things are made from cells

Question 23

how many cells the body contains

Answer 23

more than 1000 trillion

Question 24

differentiation

Answer 24

what the cells grow up to become
over 200 types of cells
resuls from the slective activation and inactivation of segments of DNA

Question 25

stem cells

Answer 25

generic cell | hasnt differntiated yet

Question 26

tonicity

Answer 26

``` -amount of substance dissolved in another solution solvent solute diffusion osmosis crenation lysis ```

Question 27

solution

Answer 27

mixture of two or more substances

Question 28

solvent

Answer 28

substance in which the solute is dissolved

Question 29

solute

Answer 29

a substance dissolved in another substance

Question 30

diffusion

Answer 30

random movement of molecules from high conc to low conc

Question 31

osmosis

Answer 31

diffusion of water

Question 32

crenation

Answer 32

lost all water, shrivels up

Question 33

lysis

Answer 33

to break or burst

Question 34

hypotonic

Answer 34

less solute in the solution than in the cell | causes cells to swell

Question 35

isotonic

Answer 35

solution that causes cells to neither shrink nor swell

Question 36

hypertonic

Answer 36

more solute in the solution than in the cell | causes cells to shrink

Question 37

passive transport

Answer 37

no energy high to low conc diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Question 38

active transport

Answer 38

low to high conc | requires energy

Question 39

secondary active transport

Answer 39

contransport (same directions) | countertransport (diff direction)

Question 40

cellular metabolism

Answer 40

ways cells get energy cellular respiration fermentation creatine breakdown

Question 41

cellular respiration

Answer 41

glycolosis ( glucose is broken down) citric acid cycle (mitochondria) electron transport aerobic ( have to have oxygen to complete)

Question 42

fermentation

Answer 42

lactic acid anaerobic (runs out of oxygen) energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available

Question 43

creatine breakdown

Answer 43

only in chordates and echinoderms

Question 44

the smaller the cell...

Answer 44

the mor efficient bc it has a greater surface to volume ratio

Question 45

aging

Answer 45

``` cellular clock death genes (programmed into DNA) DNA damage (shortening of telomers) free radicals ( cause damage and mutation) mitochondrial damage (loss of energy, restricted calories may reduce damage) ```

Question 46

facilitated diffusion

Answer 46

doesn't require energy and moves substances into or out of cells from higher to lower concentration