Digestive System

Question 1

Functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

take in food
breakdown food
absorb digested molecules
provide nutrients
eliminate wastes

Question 2

Salivary glands

Answer 2

3 pairs
sublingual
Submandibular
parotoid

Question 3

sublingual glands

Answer 3

under tongue

smallest

Question 4

submandibular glands

Answer 4

under mandible

Question 5

parotoid glands

Answer 5

anterior to each ear

Question 6

teeth

Answer 6

20 baby teeth by age 2
32 adult teeth
sharp front teeth: incisor (cutting)
canine teeth
premolars (chewing and grinding)
molars (grind)
wisdom teeth
designed to be omnivorous
pulp (nerve in the center)
gomphases hold teeth in place
enamal

Question 7

pharynx

Answer 7

deglutition (swallowing)

Question 8

esophagus

Answer 8

2 sphincters

Question 9

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 9

lower
lets bolus into the stomach
can cause heartburn

Question 10

bolus

Answer 10

chewed up food you swallow

Question 11

histology

Answer 11

parastalsis

Question 12

parastalsis

Answer 12

wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract

Question 13

stomach

Answer 13

pylaric sphincter
muscular bag for food storage
pH of 2
3 phases of secretion
secretes membrane
rugae: ridges that line stomach

Question 14

small intestine

Answer 14

small in diameter
18 feet long
fats begin
ridges called villa (lots of surface area to help absorb)
duodenum (1st 10 inches)

Question 15

large intetsines

Answer 15

4-4.5 feet in an adult

reabsorb water

Question 16

poop

Answer 16

3/4 water
1/4 solid (bacteria, siber, waste)
color: bilrubin and bile
smell: bacteria breaking down waste
caliform count: used to check water

Question 17

disorders of digestive system

Answer 17

polyps
diarhhea
constipation

Question 18

polyps

Answer 18

growth in epitlelial lining

benign or cancerous

Question 19

diarhhea

Answer 19

increased perstalsis 
water not absorbed 
dehydration
disrupts salt balance
rids body of organisms

Question 20

constipation

Answer 20

decreased peristalsis

leads to hemorrhoids

Question 21

accessory organs

Answer 21

pancreas
liver
gall bladder

Question 22

pancreas

Answer 22

endocrine (releases stuff into blood)

exocrine (ducts)

Question 23

liver

Answer 23

produces bile 
can repair itself
4 lobes
stores nutrients
detoxifies
synthesize new things

Question 24

gallbladder

Answer 24

a muscular sac attached to the liver that secretes bile and stores it until needed for digestion

Question 25

digetsive enzymes

Answer 25

salivary amylase
pepsin
HClH
tripepsin

Question 26

saivary amylase

Answer 26

breaks down carbs

Question 27

pepsin

Answer 27

attacks protein

Question 28

HCl

Answer 28

attacks connective tissue

Question 29

tripepsin

Answer 29

pH 7

digests protein in small intestine

Question 30

eating disorders

Answer 30

bulimia
anorexia
obesity

Question 31

mouth

Answer 31

Food enters the alimentary canal thourgh this, where it is chewed, manipulated by the tongue, and moistened with saliva

Question 32

horomones of digetsive system

Answer 32

.

Question 33

nutrients

Answer 33

chemical taken into the body used to produce energy

Question 34

vitamins

Answer 34

organic substances

essential to normal metabolism

Question 35

wall of digetsive tract

Answer 35

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Serosa

Question 36

cecum

Answer 36

first part of the large intestine where appendix is attached

Question 37

ascending colon

Answer 37

the part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon

Question 38

transverse colon

Answer 38

extends across the abdomen to the descending colon

Question 39

descending colon

Answer 39

portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon

Question 40

sigmoid colon

Answer 40

an S-shaped structure that continues from the descending colon above and joins with the anal canal below