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BIO 118 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

aerobic respiration

A

Requires oxygen

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2
Q

properties of muscle tissue

A

contractibility
excitability
extensibility
elasticity

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3
Q

muscle facia

A

what the muscle is surrounded by

separates muscle from the other muscles

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4
Q

agonist

A

primary mover

a muscle that contracts while another relaxes

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5
Q

retinaculum

A

any region on the body in which tendon groups from different muscles pass under one connective tissue band

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6
Q

insertion

A

muscle attaches furthest from the midline

end of the muscle attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement

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7
Q

sliding filament model

A

the process of muslce contraction where actin myofilaments slide past myosin myofilaments during contraction

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8
Q

elasticity

A

muscle can recoil to original resting length after being stretched

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9
Q

extensibility

A

the muscle can be stretched beyond normal resting length but can still contract

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10
Q

excitability

A

the capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus

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11
Q

tendon

A

attatched muscle to bone

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12
Q

energy requirements

A

aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
creatine phosphate breakdown

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13
Q

acetylcholinesterase

A

enzyme thats breaks down Ach to acetic acid an choline

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14
Q

Perimysium

A

Fibrous sheath enveloping each of the skeletal muscle fascicles

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15
Q

Sarcomere

A

Part of a myofibril formed of actin and myosin myofilaments

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16
Q

muscles are named according to

A 
location
# of heads
fucntion
shape
size
orientation
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17
Q

most abundant tissue in the body

A

muscle tissue

40% of body weight

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18
Q

myofibrils

A

protein structures that make up muscle fibers

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19
Q

synergists

A

assisting muscle

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20
Q

Endomysium

A

Fine connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle fiber

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21
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical released from a neuron

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22
Q

contractibility

A

the ability for the muscle to contract

causes structures to move

23
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

nerve and muscle coming together

Point of contact between nerve and muscle, release synaptic vessels when stimulated

24
Q

antagonist

A

muscle opposite of another

25
Q

acetylcholine

A

Ach
released from motor neurons
use of muscle

26
Q

motor unit

A

a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscles it innervates

27
Q

origin (head)

A

where muscle attached to bone closest to the midline
head=multiple origins
the less movable attachment point of a muscle

28
Q

anaerobic

A

doesn’t require oxygen

29
Q

prime mover

A

main muscle doing a task

30
Q

recruitment

A

more motor units are stimulated
increases the total number of muscle fibers contracting
recruit more muscles when lifting something heavy

31
Q

muscle fasciculi

A

perimysium
loose connective tissue that separates muscle fascicles from each other
bundle of muscle fibers

32
Q

functions of muscles

A 
movement
posture
heat production
respiration
communication
constriction of vessels
heartbeat
33
Q

proteins that makeup muscles

A

actin and myosin

34
Q

muscle fibers

A

endomysium
muscle cell
Make up muscle fascicule

35
Q

belly

A

part b/t origin and insertion

middle

36
Q

3 types of muscles

A

smooth, skeletal, cardiac

37
Q

skeletal muscle

A

striated
voluntary (control with your mind)
multiple nuclei

38
Q

smooth muscle

A

no striations
own nucleus
involuntary

39
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striations
single nucleus
involuntary

40
Q

Myosin acts on ____, sarcomere gets shorter

A

actin

41
Q

deltoid

A

shoulder

42
Q

rectus abdominis

A

abs

43
Q

pectoralis major

A

chest

44
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexes forearm; anterior side of humerus

45
Q

Hamstrings

A

muscle group that extends the thigh and flexes the knee

46
Q

Quadriceps

A

a muscle group consisting of four muscles that is located along the front of the thigh

47
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

calf muscle

48
Q

linea alba

A

white line down middle of the abdomen

49
Q

Trapezius

A

Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm. Upper back to neck

50
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Flexes and laterally rotates the head

51
Q

Lattisimus Dorsi

A

Adducts arm, lower back to side

52
Q

triceps brachii

A

extends forearm; on posterior side of humerus

53
Q

Achilles tendon

A

a large tendon that runs from the heel to the calf

54
Q

Sartorius

A

Flexes thigh on hip; runs from hip to knee

BIO 118 (18 decks)

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