Nervous. Part 2 Quiz Flashcards
The spinal cord extends from the ………. to L2
Foramen magnum
The spinal cord ends at L2 at the ……
Conus medullans
It hangs from the conus medullaris
-its a bunch of spinal nerves
Cause equlina
……… of spinal nerves per section
One pair
Nerves of bundles of axons, blood vessels, and connective tissue -
Spinal nerves
The spinal cord is protected by the bony vertebral column, coverings called -
Meninges
The spinal cord is not only protected by meninges, but by a fluid called …..
Cerebrospinal fluid
3 Parts of the Meninges:
Dura MAter
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater
Its on top of the dura mater
-contains a cushion of FAT
Epidural space
The epidural space is the site of …………… for pain control during surgeries
Spinal injections
It means “tougher mother” because of its tough fibers -
Dura mater
Its described as cob-webby
- composed of collagen and elastic fibers
- contain passageways
Arachnoid mater
It contains significant amounts of cerebrospinal fluid -
Subarachnoid space
Its called the “delicate mother” because it adheres directly to the brain and spinal cord
-contains blood vessels
Pia mater
A natural fluid cushion both in and around the brain and spinal cord -
Cerebrospinal fluid
They are large fluid filled spaces within the brain -
Ventricles
A network of capillaries that project from the pia mater
-responsible for the formation of cerebrospinal fluid
Choroid plexuses
They are fingerlike projections of the the arachnoid mater through which cerebrospinal fluid returns to the venous blood supply -
Arachnoid villi
A condition in which fluid builds up in the area of the brain -
Hydrocephalus
Internal hydrocephalus can be treated by surgical placement of a Shunt which drains excess …….
Cerebrospinal fluid
A procedure to obtain fluid
-its done i the subarachnoid space in lumbar region between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae
Lumbar puncture
Two-way conducting paths:
Ascending tracts
Descending tracts
Ascending tracts conduct info ……..
Up the cord to brain
The descending tracts conduct info …….
Down the cord from brain
There are …… pairs of spinal nerves
31
The pairs of spinal nerves arent named by instead they are assigned …… and …… according to their location along vertebral column -
Letter
Number
Each spinal nerve attaches to the spinal cord by means of a ……… root.
Ventral root
Ventral roots carry what kinds of info?
Motor
And a dorsal root carries what type of info? -
Sensory
There are 4 plexuses:
Cervical
Brachial
Lumbosacral
Coccygeal
Cervical plexus supplies ..
Head and neck
Brachial plexus supplies ….
Shoulders and arms
Lumbosacral plexus supplies …
Abdomen and legs
Coccygeal plexus supplies ….
Floor of pelvic cavity
An impulse conduction route to and from the CNS -
Reflex arc
4 reflexes:
Knee jerk
Babinksi
Abdominal
Achilles
It tests health of anterior spinal nerves -
Knee jerk reflexes
Its also known as plantar flexion
- normal is extension of big toe
- abnormal is prob w/ the brain stem or damage in lumbar region of spinal cord
Babinski
Its the contraction of the abdominal muscles when skin is stimulated
- test is unreliable alone
- some ppl may not have it
Abdominal reflex
It tests health of S1 and S2 spinal nerves
-if abnormal, could indicate sciatic nerve pathology, disk herniation at L5=S1
Achilles reflex
Each skin area supplied by a single spinal nerve is called …..
A dermatome
