Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

H Anatomy/physiology > Digestive! > Flashcards

Digestive! Flashcards

1
Q

digestive system =

A

gastrointestional system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

digestive tract =

A

alimentary tract
GI tract
alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why is food vital?

A

contains nutrients

source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

food containing nutrients have molecules that are needed for building new bosy tissues, repairing damaged tissues, and sustaining needed ….

A

chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

6 steps to get nutrients from food -

A 
ingest
masticate
digest
secrete
absorb 
eliminate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

taken into the mouth -

A

ingest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

chew -

A

masticate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

physical and chemical changes to break food into small molecules -

A

digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

enzymes, water, acids, and buffers needed for digestion -

A

secrete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

small usable nutrient molecules must then must then be passed through cells into the blood and lymph system

A

absorb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

excretion of materials not absorbed through defecation

A

eliminate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body -

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the digestive system is composed of …….

A

digestive tract

acessory digestive structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

it is composed of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small int, large int, rectum, anal canal, and anus

A

digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

it is composed of teeth, lips, tongue, cheeks, salivary glands, pancreas,liver, and gallblader

A

accessory digestive structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

its also called oral or buccal activity -

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

food is masticated -

A

mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cheeks are lined w …….

A

…….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lateral boundaries of the oral cavity -

A

cheeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

regions of the teeth -

A

crown
neck
root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

its the hardest substance in the body -

A

crown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

it makes up the greatest portion of the tooth shell

  • covered by enamel in the crown
  • covered by cementum in the neck and root areas
  • complex structure of organic and inorganic materials
A

dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

it contains nerves and blood vessels -

A

pulp cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

its just external to dentin

-helps hold tooth in -

A

cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

just external to cementum

-helps hold tooth in -

A

periodontal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

3 problems and procedures -

A

cavity
gingivitis
root canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

bacterial, epithelial cells, white cells bacteria release acid that attack the enamel -

A

dental plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the inflammation of the gums
due to poor hygiene, bleeding gums, receding gum line
may result in tooth loss

A

gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

it forms the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

-ridged surface against which food is crushed and softened before swallowing -

A

hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

it forms the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth, extending between the oral and nasal portions of the pharynx
-prevents food from being forced into the nasal cavity

A

soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

a finger-like muscular projection of soft palate

-helps keep food from entering the nasal passages while swallowing

A

uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

it is a solid mass of skeletal muscle -

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the tongue functions in …..

A

mechanical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

front part of the tongue is used for …..

A

food during chewing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

the ….. base aids in swallowing or deglutition

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the …… helps to anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth -

A

lingual frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

the ….is attached to the hyoid bone, mandible, styloid, processes, and pharynx

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

w the weight of the tongue on the hyoid, people are able to …

A

articulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

salivary glands refers to the ……. pairs of glands involved in salivation-

A

3 largest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

saliva contains 99% ……… salts and ……..

A

water

salivary amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

its the enzyme that breaks down carbs

A

amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

3 salivary glands -

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

they are the largest

  • in front of ears covering part of masseter
  • mumps are caused by the swelling of this gland
A

parotid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

viral disease characterized by the swelling of these glands -

A

mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

they are the smallest,

floor of mouth beneath the tongue -

A

sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

beneath base of tongue in the posterior part of the floor of the mouth -

A

submandibular glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

carbs – ____________– maltose

A

salivary amylase

48
Q

food+amylase =

A

bolus

49
Q

bolus moves from the mouth to the ……

A

pharynx

50
Q

it serves as both an air passage during breathing and food passage during swallowing -

A

pharynx

51
Q

its also composed of longitutinal and circular muscles

A

pharynx

52
Q

in order to propel food from the pharynx into the esophagus, 3 openings must be blocked:

A

tongue blocks mouth
soft palate & uvula block nose
epiglottis blocks the larynx

53
Q

it is posterior to the trachea

  • bolus moves from pharynx down …… to the stomach
  • made up of 4 layers
A

esophagus

54
Q

4 layers of the esophagus -

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

55
Q

its the inner layer -

A

mucosa

56
Q

together w/ mucosa provide lubricating mucus

submucosa also contains blood vessels, lymph vessels-nerve ending

A

submucosa

57
Q

its the muscle layer. circular and longitudinal muscle that work to push food down the esophagus -

A

muscularis

58
Q

outer fibrous layer -

A

serosa

59
Q

3 parts of the stomach:

A

fundus
body
pylorus

60
Q

its the upper rounded part above opening into the stomach -

A

fundus

61
Q

its inferior to the fundus, large central portion -

A

body

62
Q

region that connects to duodenum -

A

pylorus

63
Q

3 types of muscles (stomach) -

A

oblique
circular
longitudinal

64
Q

folds in the stomach

-they flatten out when the stomach become full

A

rugae

65
Q

it secretes gastric juice

-bolus + gastric juice = chyme

A

gastric pits

66
Q

its the esophagus/stomach.

improper closing results in “heartburn”

A

cardioesophageal

67
Q

two types of sphincter muscles -

A

cardioesophageal

pyloric

68
Q

its the stomach/duodenum of small int.

opens to permit passage of chyme into duodenum -

A

pyloric

69
Q

3 cell types in the stomach -

A

chief
pariteal
neck

70
Q

these cells secrete enzyme pepsinogen

A

chief cells

71
Q

these cells secretes HCL

secretes intrinsic factor

A

pariteal

72
Q

these cells secrete mucus to protect the stomacg

A

neck

73
Q

pepsinogen – ____________– pepsin

A

HCL

74
Q

proteins –______– peptides

A

pepsin

75
Q

NS causes the release of …..-

A

ACH

76
Q

…. stimulates seretion of gastric juice & gastrin

A

ACH

77
Q

is a hormone that stimulates release of more gastric juice -

A

gastrin

78
Q

chemical released from one organ, traves through bloodstream to another organ to affect it -

A

hormone

79
Q

stomach is not designed to ….

A

absorb

80
Q

most absorption occurs …

A

small int

81
Q

stomach only absorbs ….

A

water, salts, alcohol, and some meds

82
Q

3 sections of the small int -

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

83
Q

C shaped section following the stomach

  • shortest
  • has cells that secrete a basic substance to neutralize the acid entering from the stomach -
A

duodenum

84
Q

between the duodenum and ileum

A

jejunum

85
Q

its the last section

-ends at the ileocecal valve which regulates the entrance of chyme into the large int. -

A

ileum

86
Q

almost all digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in the ..

A

small int

87
Q

tiny finger like surface protrusions that increase absorptive surface area
-inside each villi are lymph vessels called lacteal, which aborbs products -

A

villi

88
Q

on the villi

-they increase the surface area of absorption even more

A

microvilli

89
Q

absorpttion of products of carb and protein digestion through .

A

blood vessels

90
Q

as chyme enters duodenum, the acid in it -
triggers the … to inhibit gastric juice secretion.
triggers the SI to release ……, which stimulates the pancrease to release bicarbonate

A

NA

seretin

91
Q

proteins in fat in it cause SI to release …

A

cholecystokinin

92
Q

cholecystokinin acts on ……
……… to decrease secretions &mobility
…… to secrete pancreatic juice
…… to relase bile

A

stomach
pancrease
gallblader

93
Q

(1) SI secretes …..

A

peptidases

94
Q

peptides – _______– amino acids

A

peptidases

95
Q

(2) Secretes ….

A

sucruse, lactose, maltase

96
Q

disaccharides –_____– monosaccharides -

A

sucrose,lactose,maltase

97
Q

The ….. secretes the most important fluid for digestion

A

Pancreas

98
Q

The fluid of the pancreas is secreted through the ……. into duodenum of small int-

A

Pancreatic duct

99
Q

Pancreas contains pancreatic ……. , pancreatic……, …….. , …….. ,

A

Amylase
Pro teases
Lipase
Nucleases

100
Q

Lipase breaks small fat droplets into ……. , which are absorbed

A

Glycerol + fatty acids

101
Q

Liver is the ….

A

Heaviest gland in the body

102
Q

Blood from the intestines on the way back to the heart pass thru the….

A

Liver

103
Q

Functions of he liver -

A
  • Produces bile
  • forms urea
  • maintains glucose homeostasis
  • removes damaged RBCs
  • removes toxins from blood
104
Q

The breakdown of large lipids globules into a suspension of droplets

A

Emulsification

105
Q

It extends from the ileum to the anus,

Does not have any villi

A

Large int

106
Q

4 principle regions -

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal

107
Q

Its external

  • a band along the full length of the intestine
  • formed from an incomplete layer of longitudinal muscle
A

Taeniae coli

108
Q

They are bulges that look like puckers

A

Haustra

109
Q

2 cells

A

Absorptive

Goblet

110
Q

These cells function primarily in water

A

Absorptive cells

111
Q

These cells secrete mucus that lubricates the passage of the colonic contents

A

Goblet cells

112
Q

Functions of large intestine -

A

Secretion of lubricsting mucus
Absorption of water
Break down cellulose

113
Q

After water is absorbed, the chyme is now called …

A

Feces

114
Q

Its a breeding warehouse for bacteria that helps to digest any materials on the large intestine -

A

Appendix

115
Q

Inflammation of the appendix due to blockage -

A

Appendicitis

116
Q

Symptoms of appendicitis -

A

Abdominal pain RLQ, nausea, vomiting, tenderness, increase WBCs

117
Q

Treatment of appendictis

A

Antibiotics or appendectomy

H Anatomy/physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions