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H Anatomy/physiology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the heart -

A

Between the lungs in the lower portion of the mediastinum just behind the sternum

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2
Q

The lower end of the heart forms a blunt point called the ….
And this lies on the …..

A

Apex

Diaphragm

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3
Q

The size of hearts ….. with the size of the individual

A

Varies

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4
Q

The bigger the person, the bigger the ….

A

Heart

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5
Q

The heart is roughly the size of your ….

A

Fist

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6
Q

Blood flow through the heart -

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood enters the ry atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava.
  2. When the right atrium is full, it contracts.
  3. Blood passes through tricuspid valve to rt ventricle.
  4. Then rt ventricle pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery.
  5. Blood goes to lungs (where it becomes oxygenated).
  6. Blood returns from lungs through pulmonary veins, to Lt atrium.
  7. When Lt atrium is full, it contracts blood through the bicuspid valve, into the left ventricle
  8. Oxygen rich blood is pumped out of Lt ventricle though aorta to major arteries
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7
Q

Contraction of the heart is called

A

Systole

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8
Q

Relaxation of the heart is called

A

Diastole

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9
Q

Both atria contract ….

A

Together

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10
Q

When atria both contact together, the blood is forced into the …

A

Ventricles

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11
Q

To control the direction of blood flow, there are …… located at the entrances and exits of the ventricles

A

4 sets of one-way valves

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12
Q

The heart makes predictable ..

A

Sounds

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13
Q

The first lub sound is caused by the closing of the AV valves between the atria and the ventricles as the ventricles contract - what valves are these

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid

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14
Q

The sup sound is a short sound caused by the closing of the SL valves - what valves are these

A

Pulmonary semilunar & aortic semilunar

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15
Q

Occasionally blood can make odd sounds called … because of faulty valves

A

Murmurs

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16
Q

Valves that are narrow slowing blood flow from chamber -

A

Stenonosed valves

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17
Q

flaps of mitral valve extend back into the Lt atrium. When Lt ventricle contracts, some blood backflows into atrium

A

Mitral valves prolapse

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18
Q

Mitral valve is also known as..

A

Bicuspid valve

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19
Q

Two circulation patterns -

A

Systemic and pulmonary circulation

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20
Q

This circulation describes the blood flow from the Lt ventricle of the heart, through all parts of the body, and back to the Rt atrium.

A

Systemic

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21
Q

This circulation describes the flow of blood from the Rt ventricle, to the lungs, and back to the Lt atrium

A

Pulmonary

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22
Q

Systemic is indicated by what letter

A

D

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23
Q

Pulmonary is indicated by what letter

A

E

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24
Q

Its a vessel that carries blood away from the heart -

A

Artery

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25
Q

The wall of an artery is ….. and muscular

A

Thick

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26
Q

The function of an artery is …

A

Transport blood to capillaries

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27
Q

They are microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins

A

Capillaries

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28
Q

Capillaries have very ….. walls

A

Thin

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29
Q

Since capillaries are thin walls, this allows the exchange of …..

A

Gases, O2, CO2, fluids

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30
Q

….. array blood to the heart

A

Veins

31
Q

Veins have thin walls and …….. that prevent back flow of blood

A

One way valves

32
Q

3 blood vessels -

A

Artery
Capillaries
Veins

33
Q

The heart muscles are alive and must have a constant supply of ….. and ….

A

Nutrients and oxygen

34
Q

Coronary arteries ….

  • Supply blood to …. of heart muscle
  • ….. branches off the aorta
  • both ventricles receive their blood supply from branches of …… and …… coronary arteries
  • most abundant supply goes to the …. ventricle
A

Cells
First
Rt & Lt
Left

35
Q

Blood for the heart muscle flows from coronary arteries, to capillaries, to coronary veins, and empties into the Rt atrium -

A

Coronary veins

36
Q

Its where the Lt ventricle can’t keep up due to muscle weakness or high blood pressure. Blood will back up into the lungs. Eventually fluid seeps into tissues resulting in pulmonary edema. -

A

Heart failure

37
Q

Enlarged veins where blood tends to pool rather than continue to the heart -

A

Varicose veins

38
Q

Section of artery has become abnormally bc of weakening of arterial wall -

A

Aneurysm

39
Q

Also called stroke. Lack of O2 to the brain cause by ruptured aneurysm or embolism -

A

Cerebral vascular accident

40
Q

Lack of O2 to heart cells -

A

Ischemia

41
Q

Severe chest pains due to lack of O2. Nitroglycerin dilates blood vessels, increases blood flow and O2 -

A

Angina pectoris

42
Q

The clinical name for a heart attack. This is actually the death of cardiac cells. Frequently caused by a blood clot (coronary thrombosis) permanent damage.

A

Myocardial infarction

43
Q

“Hardening” of arteries due to lipid build up -

A

Atherosclerosis

44
Q

Mechanical opening of atherosclerotic artery. Balloon pushes plaque back to restore blood flow -

A

Angioplasty

45
Q

A mesh balloon that looks like a spring

A

Stent

46
Q

An abnormal heart sound due to faulty valves -

A

Murmur

47
Q

The conduction system of the heart is composed of …

A

Sinotrial node
Atrivoentricular node
AV bundle
Purkkinje system

48
Q

Its located in the Rt atrium near the junction w/ superior vena cava

  • cells in this place initiate impulse at regular intervals
  • impulse travels from this place through both atria
  • atria begin to contract
  • this node fires 70-80 times a min
A

SA Node

49
Q

Located at the base of the Rt atrium

-this node delays the conduction so both atria contract while ventricles are relaxed

A

AV node

50
Q

This is a group of connecting fibers in the septum between the ventricles
the bundle forms two branches, left and right, that carry impulses down the apex which is the tip of the heart

A

AV bundle

51
Q

At the apex, these fibers carry the action potential up and around the ventricle walls so the ventricles contract together -

A

Purkinje fibers

52
Q

Is a graphic record of the hearts electrical activity

NOT a record of the hearts contraction but electrical events that precede them

A

ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram)

53
Q

An impulse from SA node thru atria

-precedes atrial contractions

A

P

54
Q

Its the repolarization of the atria & depolarization of the ventricles.
-impulse is traveling thurs AV bundle and Purkinje fibers

A

QRS

55
Q

Its the repolarization of the ventricles

-represents the resting period of the ventricles

A

R

56
Q

Very rapid heart rhythm (>100 boom)
Normal - stress
Abnormal - blood loss, shock, drugs, toxins, fever

A

Tachycardia

57
Q

Slow heart rhythm (<50 bpm )
Normal - slight is normal during sleep and athletes
Abnormal - damaged SA node

A

Bradycardia

58
Q

Where cardiac muscle fibers contract out of step with each other.
-affected heart chambers do NOT effectively bump blood

A

Fibrillation

59
Q

Its the application of electrical shock to force cardiac muscle fibers to contract in unison -

A

Defibrillation

60
Q

It is the force of blood against your artery walls as it circulates through your body -

A

Blood pressure

61
Q

Normal blood pressure -

A

120/80

62
Q

….. pressure - force of blood when the ventricles are relaxed
-indicates resistance of blood vessels -

A

Diastolic pressure

63
Q

….. pressure - force w which blood is pushing against artery walls when ventricles are contracting

A

Systolic pressure

64
Q

High blood pressure -

A

Hypertension

65
Q

High blood pressure (example)-

A

140/90

66
Q

Blood pressure normally rises and falls throughout the day, but if it stays high, it can cause ….

A

Health problems

67
Q

Having high blood pressures raises your risks for ….

A

Heart disease

68
Q

High blood pressure is called the “silent killer” because many people don’t realize they have it because ……

A

It has no warning signs/symptoms

69
Q

It means no single known cause -

A

Primary hypertension

70
Q

“Because of..”

caused by kidney disease, hormone probs, oral contraceptives, pregnancy

A

Secondary hypertension

71
Q

10 risk factors for hypertension -

A 
Genetics
Gender
Race
Age
High stress
Obesity
High levels of alcohol
High levels of caffeine
Smoking 
Lack of exercise
72
Q

2 membranes w fluid in between

-surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

73
Q

Function of the pericardium-

A
  1. Stabilizes & limits movement of the heart
  2. Protects heart (from trauma / infection)
  3. Fluid lubricates & decreases friction during systole & diastole

H Anatomy/physiology (22 decks)

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