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H Anatomy/physiology > joints > Flashcards

joints Flashcards

1
Q

term used to describe immovable joints

A

synarthroses

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2
Q

term used to describe slightly movable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

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3
Q

term used to describe freely movable joints

A

diarhroses

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4
Q

type of joint that allows flexion and extension

examples include elbows knees and phalange to phalange

A

Hinge

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5
Q

Projection of one bone pivots in arch

examples include atlas on axis and radius and ulna

A

Pivot joint

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6
Q

Condyle fits into either elliptical socket

examples include occipital on atlas and radius on carpals

A

Ellipsoidal joint

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7
Q

Bones resemble reciprocally shaped mini saddles

Examples include metacarpal one to carpal (thumb)

A

saddle joint

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8
Q

Ball shaped head into socket

Examples include shoulder and hip

A

ball-and-socket joint

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9
Q

Sliding between flat surfaces, least movable synovial joint

Examples include sacral to coxal and between vertebrae

A

Gliding joint

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10
Q

Decrease angle

joint type examples hinge, ball and socket

A

Flexion

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11
Q

Increase angle

A

Extension

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12
Q

Extend beyond anatomical position

A

Hyper extension

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13
Q

Move part away from median plane

joint type example: ball and socket

A

Abduction

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14
Q

Move part toward median plane joint type example: ball and socket

A

Adduction

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15
Q

Pivoting bone on axis

joint type example: ball and socket, pivot

A

Rotation

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16
Q

Distal end of a bone moves in a circular path while the proximal end remains stable(arm circles)

A

Circumduction

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17
Q

Rotating hand with palms ending downward

joint type example: pivot

A

Pronation

18
Q

Rotating hands with palm ending upward

joint type example: privot

A

Supination

19
Q

Moves part forward

example: gliding

A

Protraction

20
Q

Moves parts back

example: gliding

A

Retraction

21
Q

Moves part up

example:hinge

A

Elevation

22
Q

Lowers a part

example: hinge

A

Depression

23
Q

Not a disorder but a tool to diagnose disorders, means to look within a joint, a small incision is made , a tube with a small lens in a fiber optic light source are inserted into a joint, the other and can be hooked to a TV

A

Arthroscopy

24
Q

Most common form of arthritis, articular cartilage deteriorates, no more shock absorber, no cure, progressively worsens, pain, tenderness grating, swelling, cause idiopathic, maybe combination of age, overweight, injury, heredity muscle weakness

A

Osteoarthritis

25
Q

Destruction of synovial membrane, 2 to 3 more times more common in women, joint pain and swelling, red and puffy hands, symptoms may come and go, your white blood cells attacking synovium may play a role, cause may be genetic, smoking, virus, no cure

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

26
Q

Bones in joint out of proper alignment, from injury or trauma, looks out of place, extremely painful,swollen or discolored, immovable maybe damage nerves and blood vessels, immobilized and ice, doctor may have to realign

A

Dislocation

27
Q

Loss of calcified matrix causing a reduction in total bone mass, typically affects older women, linked to decreasing amounts of estrogen as people age, treatment involves hormone replacement therapy, increase calcium and vitamin D

A

Osteoporosis

28
Q

What happens to a muscle when it is at rest

A

Actin’s notches are covered by tropomyosin
myosin’s cross bridges are hinged back
calcium is in SR

29
Q

What happens to a muscle when it is at contraction

A 
The brain sends a message 
ACH is released and crosses synapse 
ACH plugs into receptor 
cell depolarizes 
calcium leaves SR and attaches to troponin 
The tropomyosin moves 
 actin's notched are exposed
 myosin binds to Actin and a power stroke occurs
filaments slide
30
Q

What happens to a muscle when it is relaxed

A

ATP makes myosin release and rehinge back
ACH-ase destroys ACH and cell repolarizes
calcium goes back to SR
tropomyosin recovers Actin’s notches
myosin cannot rebind

31
Q

Minimum level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract

A

Threshold stimulus

32
Q

What is it called When a threshold stimulus is applied, the muscle fiber contracts completely

A

All-or-none principle

33
Q

Muscle that helps you frown

A

Depressor anguli Oris

34
Q

Muscle that closest mouth by elevating jaw

A

Masseter

35
Q

Muscle that squints Eye

A

Obiculars oculi

36
Q

Muscle that causes you to pucker and whistle

A

Orbicularis Oris

37
Q

Muscle that Opens mouth by elevating jaw

A

Platysma

38
Q

Muscle that raises head back up

A

Semispinalis capitis

39
Q

Muscle that causes chin to nod down to chest

A

Sternocleidomastoid

40
Q

Muscle that causes smiling

A

Zygomaticus major

H Anatomy/physiology (22 decks)

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