Chapter 2: Biochemistry Flashcards
the basic principles of anatomy and physiolog are ultimtely based on the …
principles of chemistry
major elements:
CHOPS Ca N Cl I K NA Mg Fe
what molecules have no C-C or C-H bonds
inorganic molecules
substance in which other substances dissolve water …
solvent
substance that is dissolved
solute
its a mixture where water is a solvent (universal solvent)
aqeous solution
an aqueous solution containing NACl (salt) and other molecules forms the “………” of the body
“internal sea”
what compounds contain C-C or C-H covalent -
organic compounds
Cn (H2O) N+ is …..
carbohydrates formula
they are the bodys primary source of energy -
carbs
examples of carbohydrates -
potatoes rice pasta corn wheat
glucose is a product of ….
photosynthesis
glucose is a substrate for …
cellular respiration
glucose is our ….
primary energy
glucse isnt ……… it has to be processed
immediately usable
the sugar that sweetens fruit
fructose
its a double sugar
disaccharides
ose =
sugar
common table sugar = glucose + fructose
sucrose
major sugar in milk = glucose + galactose
lactose
product of starch digestion = glucose + glucose
maltose
liver and muscle cells form …….. when there is excess glucose
glycogen
liver animals -
glycogen
plants-
glucose
examples of polysaccharides include
starches
cellulose
starches and cellulose are both …
plants
ex of starches -
wheat, potatoes
ex of cellulose -
cell walls of plants, wood
triglycerides … aka …
fats
glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains
triglycerides (fats)
what is the function of triglycerides
stores energy
insulation
not bodies #1 choice
it means no double-bonds are in a fat acid chain
saturated fat
saturated fat sources =
animal fat
saturated fat at room temperature is …
solid
examples of lipids…
butter
laard
cheese
crisco
it means it contains one or more double bonds in FA chain
unsaturated fats
1 C-C …
monounsaturated
many C-C
polyunsaturated
sources of unsaturated fats …
vegetable oils
when unsaturated fats are in room temperature they are …
liquids
HDL =
good cholesterol
LDL =
bad cholesterol
it carries cholesterol to liver = out of the body
HDL
it carries to blood vessels around the heart
LDL
tthey are man made
increase shelf life
increase crispyness
tastes good
transfats
they are similar to triglycerides but contain phosporus -
phospholipids
their function is they bilayer cell membrane
phospholipids
water fearing -
hydrophobic
water liking -
hydrophilic
the tails are …
hydrophobic
the head is ….
hydrophilic
are a large group of compounds whose principle component is cholesterol
steroids
it stabilizes the phospolipid bilayer used ti make hormones (estrogen and testosterone)
cholesterol
proteins are made of …
amino acids
proteins =
polymer
amino acids =
monomer
+ and - charges cause what to happen -
hydrogen bonds form
proteins have …..
complex shapes
proteins can have areas that are …… and ……. therfore they have varied functions in the human body
polar and nonpolar
what are the functions of proteins -
body structure
builds antibodies
hormones
enzymes
enzymes are ….
catalysts
many coenzymes are derived from
vitamins
a non-protein component of enzymes is called ..
cofactor
the coenzymes make up part of the …
active site
w/o the coenzyme the enzyme ….
will not function
what are the basic building blocks of nucleiv acids
nucleotides
nucleotides are made of …
phosphate
sugar
nitrogen base
deoxyribose =
DNA
ribose =
RNA
DNA is arranged in a …
double helix
Function of DNA -
master code for assemblying proteins & nucleic acids
transmission oftraits
it is never doulbe stranded
RNA
function of RNA
carries message of DNA
its the sum total of an organisms chemical reactions, including ones that build and ones that break down
metabolism
buidling reactions -
dehydration synthesis
dehydration sythesis is used to make …
body structures
“a” and “b” come from the digestion of your food and …….. are used to bind them together
enzymes
water is eliminated each time we join atoms ….
together
breaking down reactions -
hydrolosis “ water -cut”
frequently ….. are needed for breaking down reactions
enzymes
cells with the monomers depends on ….
process for energy used to build bigger molecules for structures, function, or storage
when the metabolism speed is fast …..
effiecent chemistry
burns calories
when metabolism speed is slow ….
ineffeicent chemistry stores calories (puts on weight)
