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H Anatomy/physiology > Chapter 2: Biochemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

the basic principles of anatomy and physiolog are ultimtely based on the …

A

principles of chemistry

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2
Q

major elements:

A

CHOPS Ca N Cl I K NA Mg Fe

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3
Q

what molecules have no C-C or C-H bonds

A

inorganic molecules

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4
Q

substance in which other substances dissolve water …

A

solvent

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5
Q

substance that is dissolved

A

solute

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6
Q

its a mixture where water is a solvent (universal solvent)

A

aqeous solution

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7
Q

an aqueous solution containing NACl (salt) and other molecules forms the “………” of the body

A

“internal sea”

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8
Q

what compounds contain C-C or C-H covalent -

A

organic compounds

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9
Q

Cn (H2O) N+ is …..

A

carbohydrates formula

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10
Q

they are the bodys primary source of energy -

A

carbs

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11
Q

examples of carbohydrates -

A 
potatoes
rice
pasta
corn
wheat
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12
Q

glucose is a product of ….

A

photosynthesis

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13
Q

glucose is a substrate for …

A

cellular respiration

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14
Q

glucose is our ….

A

primary energy

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15
Q

glucse isnt ……… it has to be processed

A

immediately usable

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16
Q

the sugar that sweetens fruit

A

fructose

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17
Q

its a double sugar

A

disaccharides

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18
Q

ose =

A

sugar

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19
Q

common table sugar = glucose + fructose

A

sucrose

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20
Q

major sugar in milk = glucose + galactose

A

lactose

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21
Q

product of starch digestion = glucose + glucose

A

maltose

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22
Q

liver and muscle cells form …….. when there is excess glucose

A

glycogen

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23
Q

liver animals -

A

glycogen

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24
Q

plants-

A

glucose

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25
Q

examples of polysaccharides include

A

starches

cellulose

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26
Q

starches and cellulose are both …

A

plants

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27
Q

ex of starches -

A

wheat, potatoes

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28
Q

ex of cellulose -

A

cell walls of plants, wood

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29
Q

triglycerides … aka …

A

fats

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30
Q

glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains

A

triglycerides (fats)

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31
Q

what is the function of triglycerides

A

stores energy
insulation
not bodies #1 choice

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32
Q

it means no double-bonds are in a fat acid chain

A

saturated fat

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33
Q

saturated fat sources =

A

animal fat

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34
Q

saturated fat at room temperature is …

A

solid

35
Q

examples of lipids…

A

butter
laard
cheese
crisco

36
Q

it means it contains one or more double bonds in FA chain

A

unsaturated fats

37
Q

1 C-C …

A

monounsaturated

38
Q

many C-C

A

polyunsaturated

39
Q

sources of unsaturated fats …

A

vegetable oils

40
Q

when unsaturated fats are in room temperature they are …

A

liquids

41
Q

HDL =

A

good cholesterol

42
Q

LDL =

A

bad cholesterol

43
Q

it carries cholesterol to liver = out of the body

A

HDL

44
Q

it carries to blood vessels around the heart

A

LDL

45
Q

tthey are man made
increase shelf life
increase crispyness
tastes good

A

transfats

46
Q

they are similar to triglycerides but contain phosporus -

A

phospholipids

47
Q

their function is they bilayer cell membrane

A

phospholipids

48
Q

water fearing -

A

hydrophobic

49
Q

water liking -

A

hydrophilic

50
Q

the tails are …

A

hydrophobic

51
Q

the head is ….

A

hydrophilic

52
Q

are a large group of compounds whose principle component is cholesterol

A

steroids

53
Q

it stabilizes the phospolipid bilayer used ti make hormones (estrogen and testosterone)

A

cholesterol

54
Q

proteins are made of …

A

amino acids

55
Q

proteins =

A

polymer

56
Q

amino acids =

A

monomer

57
Q

+ and - charges cause what to happen -

A

hydrogen bonds form

58
Q

proteins have …..

A

complex shapes

59
Q

proteins can have areas that are …… and ……. therfore they have varied functions in the human body

A

polar and nonpolar

60
Q

what are the functions of proteins -

A

body structure
builds antibodies
hormones
enzymes

61
Q

enzymes are ….

A

catalysts

62
Q

many coenzymes are derived from

A

vitamins

63
Q

a non-protein component of enzymes is called ..

A

cofactor

64
Q

the coenzymes make up part of the …

A

active site

65
Q

w/o the coenzyme the enzyme ….

A

will not function

66
Q

what are the basic building blocks of nucleiv acids

A

nucleotides

67
Q

nucleotides are made of …

A

phosphate
sugar
nitrogen base

68
Q

deoxyribose =

A

DNA

69
Q

ribose =

A

RNA

70
Q

DNA is arranged in a …

A

double helix

71
Q

Function of DNA -

A

master code for assemblying proteins & nucleic acids

transmission oftraits

72
Q

it is never doulbe stranded

A

RNA

73
Q

function of RNA

A

carries message of DNA

74
Q

its the sum total of an organisms chemical reactions, including ones that build and ones that break down

A

metabolism

75
Q

buidling reactions -

A

dehydration synthesis

76
Q

dehydration sythesis is used to make …

A

body structures

77
Q

“a” and “b” come from the digestion of your food and …….. are used to bind them together

A

enzymes

78
Q

water is eliminated each time we join atoms ….

A

together

79
Q

breaking down reactions -

A

hydrolosis “ water -cut”

80
Q

frequently ….. are needed for breaking down reactions

A

enzymes

81
Q

cells with the monomers depends on ….

A

process for energy used to build bigger molecules for structures, function, or storage

82
Q

when the metabolism speed is fast …..

A

effiecent chemistry

burns calories

83
Q

when metabolism speed is slow ….

A 
ineffeicent chemistry
stores calories (puts on weight)

H Anatomy/physiology (22 decks)

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