Ch. 6 - Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions of the skeletal system -
Support Protection Movement Storage Hemopoiesis
This function protects the body core -
Protection
This function allows muscles attach for movement-
Movement
The function ……….. stores calcium and phosphate -
Storage
This function is the blood cell production
Hemopoiesis
………… marrow produces all RBC’s, all platelets, and most WBC’s -
Red bone
Two types of bones
Compact
Spongy
Its the dense, hard outer layer of the bone -
Compact bone
It is porous w/ open spaces & trabeculae
Spongy bone
They are “bone needles”
Trabeculae
Examples of long-longer than short bones -
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Examples of short-cubed shape bones -
Wrist (carpals)
Ankles (tarsals)
Examples of flat bones -
Ribs
Scapula
Examples of irregular-odd shaped bones -
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Examples of sesamoid bones -
Patella
Its the main shaft “tube” composed of compact (dense) bone.
Diaphysis
It functions as support -
Diaphysis
Its found on both ends of long bone -
Epiphysis
The …….. area is space for muscle attachment -
Bulbous
The bulbous area is made of spongy bone filled w/ ….
Red marrow
Its the fibrous outside layer of long bone
Everywhere except where there is articulate-cartilage
Periosteum
……. penetrate bone and hold it on -
Fibers
………….. fibers interlace w/ muscle fibers to hold muscle on -
Periosteum
………… from periosteum penetrate into bone -
Blood vessels
Its the cartilage that covers joint surfaces -
Articulate cartilage
What is the function of articulate cartilage -
Cushions bones from jarring
Its under periosteum
Dense
For strength
Compact bone
Its the space in middle of diaphysis
Filled w/ yellow marrow
Medullary cavity
Found in adults
rich in fat
NO HEMATOPESIS
Yellow marrow
Its connective tissue located in ends of long bones, flat bones skull, sternum, and ribs (adult) -
Red marrow
Blood cell formation occurs here -
Hematopoiesis
Its characterized by open space w/ needle like structures (trabeculae)
Site of red marrow in adults -
Spongy bone
Its the thin epithelial membrane that lines medullary cavity and covers trabeculae of spongy bone -
Endosteum
Its the layer of cartilage that seperates diaphysis from epiphysis
Epiphysial plate
This is also where longitudinal growth occurs during youth -
Epiphysial plate
When does growth stop?
When all epiphysial cartilage is transformed into bone
Its the main supply of nutrients to the bone
Nutrient artery
Points of ………… for muscles, tendons, ligaments the bigger the projection, the bigger the …….
Attachment
Muscle attached
Example of projections -
Condolences Head Process Trochanter Tubercle
It receives another bone
Depressions
Ex of depressions-
Fossa
Its passageways for nerves and blood vessels -
Openings
Example of openings
Foramen
Osseous tissue =
33% collagen fibers. +. Hydroxyapatite
Its a mineral composed of calcium & phosphate + living cells called osteocytes
Hydroxyapatite
3 types of bone cells -
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
The store calcium & become osteocytes
Bone building cells
Osteoblasts
They break down the bone and release calcium into blood vessels
Bone absorbing cells
Osteoclasts
They mature bone cell
Osteocyte
Osteoblasts & osteoclasts both ….
Both homeostasis
Sculp
Shape
Compact Bone: the “structural unit” is the Osteon or ……
Haversion canal system
Spongy Bone: Contains many needlelike bony spicules called …..
Trabeculae
Its the primary site for the production of blood cells
Bone marrow
It makes red cells, platelets, some WBC’s
Red marrow
Its mostly composed of fat
Yellow marrow
Osteoblasts secrete, or “spit out”, matrix material and ………
Collagen fibers
The osteoblasts spit so much of these fibers out that it is now “trapped” in a ……… of its own making -
Prison chamber
The chamber, or space, is called ….
Lacuna
Once the osteoblast has completed secreting, it is now called ……
Osteocyte
An osteocyte is referred to then as a ……..
Mature bone cell
Osteocytes arrange themselves in ………. or ……. around a ……..
Concentric circles , lamellae, central canal
Inside the Haversion canal are blood vessels that ….. the bone
Nourish
They allow each cell to take what it needs for nourishment and pass the rest on to the next cell
Canalculi
Its a central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it -
Osteon or haversion system
They interconnect to the haversian canals
This canal runs into the compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum
Volkmanns canal
They complete the communication pathway between the bone interior and its external surface
Volkmanns canal
They are large, mulitnucleated cells that reabsorb or “eat” bone matrix -
Osteoclasts
In the enochondrial ossification …
A cartilage model is laid down and covered by a fibrous ….
Periosteum
In the enochondrial ossification … (2)
Soon a collar of bone appears which is deposited by …
Osteoblasts
In the enochondrial ossification … (3)
…….. invade the cartilage model which brings osteoblasts and osteoclasts which work together to sculpt out a ……….. cavity
Blood vessels
Medullary
In the enochondrial ossification … (3)
These blood vessels are called the ……
Primary ossification center
In the enochondrial ossification … (3)
Now osteoblasts deposit
Calcium
In the enochondrial ossification … (4)
Eventually a ……… forms at each epiphysis -
Secondary ossification centers
In the enochondrial ossification … (5)
Until bone growth is complete, a cartilage layer called the ………. remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis
Epiphysial plate
X-rays of ……. joints or …….. joints can reveal wether this is open or closed -
Wrist , knee
If open, the growth hormone can trigger additional …..
Lengthening
