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H Anatomy/physiology > Ch. 6 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system -

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Hemopoiesis
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2
Q

This function protects the body core -

A

Protection

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3
Q

This function allows muscles attach for movement-

A

Movement

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4
Q

The function ……….. stores calcium and phosphate -

A

Storage

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5
Q

This function is the blood cell production

A

Hemopoiesis

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6
Q

………… marrow produces all RBC’s, all platelets, and most WBC’s -

A

Red bone

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7
Q

Two types of bones

A

Compact

Spongy

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8
Q

Its the dense, hard outer layer of the bone -

A

Compact bone

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9
Q

It is porous w/ open spaces & trabeculae

A

Spongy bone

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10
Q

They are “bone needles”

A

Trabeculae

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11
Q

Examples of long-longer than short bones -

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur

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12
Q

Examples of short-cubed shape bones -

A

Wrist (carpals)

Ankles (tarsals)

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13
Q

Examples of flat bones -

A

Ribs

Scapula

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14
Q

Examples of irregular-odd shaped bones -

A

Vertebrae

Pelvis

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15
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones -

A

Patella

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16
Q

Its the main shaft “tube” composed of compact (dense) bone.

A

Diaphysis

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17
Q

It functions as support -

A

Diaphysis

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18
Q

Its found on both ends of long bone -

A

Epiphysis

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19
Q

The …….. area is space for muscle attachment -

A

Bulbous

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20
Q

The bulbous area is made of spongy bone filled w/ ….

A

Red marrow

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21
Q

Its the fibrous outside layer of long bone

Everywhere except where there is articulate-cartilage

A

Periosteum

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22
Q

……. penetrate bone and hold it on -

A

Fibers

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23
Q

………….. fibers interlace w/ muscle fibers to hold muscle on -

A

Periosteum

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24
Q

………… from periosteum penetrate into bone -

A

Blood vessels

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25
Q

Its the cartilage that covers joint surfaces -

A

Articulate cartilage

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26
Q

What is the function of articulate cartilage -

A

Cushions bones from jarring

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27
Q

Its under periosteum
Dense
For strength

A

Compact bone

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28
Q

Its the space in middle of diaphysis

Filled w/ yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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29
Q

Found in adults
rich in fat
NO HEMATOPESIS

A

Yellow marrow

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30
Q

Its connective tissue located in ends of long bones, flat bones skull, sternum, and ribs (adult) -

A

Red marrow

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31
Q

Blood cell formation occurs here -

A

Hematopoiesis

32
Q

Its characterized by open space w/ needle like structures (trabeculae)

Site of red marrow in adults -

A

Spongy bone

33
Q

Its the thin epithelial membrane that lines medullary cavity and covers trabeculae of spongy bone -

A

Endosteum

34
Q

Its the layer of cartilage that seperates diaphysis from epiphysis

A

Epiphysial plate

35
Q

This is also where longitudinal growth occurs during youth -

A

Epiphysial plate

36
Q

When does growth stop?

A

When all epiphysial cartilage is transformed into bone

37
Q

Its the main supply of nutrients to the bone

A

Nutrient artery

38
Q

Points of ………… for muscles, tendons, ligaments the bigger the projection, the bigger the …….

A

Attachment

Muscle attached

39
Q

Example of projections -

A 
Condolences
Head
 Process
Trochanter
Tubercle
40
Q

It receives another bone

A

Depressions

41
Q

Ex of depressions-

A

Fossa

42
Q

Its passageways for nerves and blood vessels -

A

Openings

43
Q

Example of openings

A

Foramen

44
Q

Osseous tissue =

A

33% collagen fibers. +. Hydroxyapatite

45
Q

Its a mineral composed of calcium & phosphate + living cells called osteocytes

A

Hydroxyapatite

46
Q

3 types of bone cells -

A

Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

47
Q

The store calcium & become osteocytes

Bone building cells

A

Osteoblasts

48
Q

They break down the bone and release calcium into blood vessels

Bone absorbing cells

A

Osteoclasts

49
Q

They mature bone cell

A

Osteocyte

50
Q

Osteoblasts & osteoclasts both ….

A

Both homeostasis
Sculp
Shape

51
Q

Compact Bone: the “structural unit” is the Osteon or ……

A

Haversion canal system

52
Q

Spongy Bone: Contains many needlelike bony spicules called …..

A

Trabeculae

53
Q

Its the primary site for the production of blood cells

A

Bone marrow

54
Q

It makes red cells, platelets, some WBC’s

A

Red marrow

55
Q

Its mostly composed of fat

A

Yellow marrow

56
Q

Osteoblasts secrete, or “spit out”, matrix material and ………

A

Collagen fibers

57
Q

The osteoblasts spit so much of these fibers out that it is now “trapped” in a ……… of its own making -

A

Prison chamber

58
Q

The chamber, or space, is called ….

A

Lacuna

59
Q

Once the osteoblast has completed secreting, it is now called ……

A

Osteocyte

60
Q

An osteocyte is referred to then as a ……..

A

Mature bone cell

61
Q

Osteocytes arrange themselves in ………. or ……. around a ……..

A

Concentric circles , lamellae, central canal

62
Q

Inside the Haversion canal are blood vessels that ….. the bone

A

Nourish

63
Q

They allow each cell to take what it needs for nourishment and pass the rest on to the next cell

A

Canalculi

64
Q

Its a central canal and all the concentric lamellae surrounding it -

A

Osteon or haversion system

65
Q

They interconnect to the haversian canals

This canal runs into the compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum

A

Volkmanns canal

66
Q

They complete the communication pathway between the bone interior and its external surface

A

Volkmanns canal

67
Q

They are large, mulitnucleated cells that reabsorb or “eat” bone matrix -

A

Osteoclasts

68
Q

In the enochondrial ossification …

A cartilage model is laid down and covered by a fibrous ….

A

Periosteum

69
Q

In the enochondrial ossification … (2)

Soon a collar of bone appears which is deposited by …

A

Osteoblasts

70
Q

In the enochondrial ossification … (3)

…….. invade the cartilage model which brings osteoblasts and osteoclasts which work together to sculpt out a ……….. cavity

A

Blood vessels

Medullary

71
Q

In the enochondrial ossification … (3)

These blood vessels are called the ……

A

Primary ossification center

72
Q

In the enochondrial ossification … (3)

Now osteoblasts deposit

A

Calcium

73
Q

In the enochondrial ossification … (4)

Eventually a ……… forms at each epiphysis -

A

Secondary ossification centers

74
Q

In the enochondrial ossification … (5)

Until bone growth is complete, a cartilage layer called the ………. remains between the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

Epiphysial plate

75
Q

X-rays of ……. joints or …….. joints can reveal wether this is open or closed -

A

Wrist , knee

76
Q

If open, the growth hormone can trigger additional …..

A

Lengthening

H Anatomy/physiology (22 decks)

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