Chapter 1 Flashcards
its the study of internal and external structures of organisms and the relationship of its parts -
anatomy
2 anatomys -
microscorpic anatomy
macroscorpic anatomy
study of structures that need to be magnified
microscorpic anatomy
also called GROSS Anatomy, study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
macroscorpic anatomy
looking at the levels of organization, what does the existence of life depend on?
proper chemistry
study of the functions of organisms andparts
physiology
structures are designed for ……
specific function
describe what “form follows function” means
structures determine function, and function influences anantomy or organism
survival depends on ….
maintaining constant conditions within the body
“same standing”
relative constancy of the normal bodys internal environment , despite the changes
homeostasis
homeostasis is a ……. process
dynamic
what are 2 feedback loops -
positive & negative
3 basic components of feedback loops -
sensor, control, respond
detects change in specific element and signal control
sensor
it sends signals to effectors
control
respond to integrator
effectors
it opposes change to return to normal (opposite)
negative feedback loop
an ex of negative feedback loop -
increase breathing to replace oxygen
it temporarily amplifies change to return to normal
positive feedback loop
an example of a positive feedback loop -
labor
which type of feedback loop is the most common in the human body
negative
what does disease mean
not at ease
and body does not function normally
its the study of the transmission, frequency, distribution, and control of disease
epidemiology
a disease that can be spread in many ways (person to person, insect to person)
communicable
a disease spread from person to person
contagious
its the study of disease
pathology
causes disease -
pathogenic
an infectious disease from medical facility
nosocomial
it means the cause of the disease is unknown
idiopathic
How do you know when a disease is occuring -
signs
vital signs
symptoms
prognosis
they are objective and measurable
signs
they are signs vital to life … ex. pulse, blood pres. blood temp
vital signs
they are subjective
symptoms
its the prediciton of the outcome of the disease
prognosis
what is anatomical positiion -
standing w aarms @ side, palms forward
patient is on his or her back
supine
patient is on his/her stomach
prone
it is used to show the reader which way the body is posittioned
compass rosette
where the right and left sides are mirror images
bilateral symmetry
where theyre the same side
ipsilateral
where theyre the opposite sides
contralateral
toward the head -
superior
toward the feet
inferior
toward the front
anterior (ventral)
toward the back
posterior (dorsal)
toward the middle
medial
toward the side
lateral
toward the trunk
proximal
away from the trunk
distal
near the surface
superficial
deep
away from the surface
where is the spleen in reference to the stomach
posterior
where is the shoulder blade in reference to the urinary bladder -
superior, lateral, posterior
what are the four planes and sections
sagittal
midsagittal
frontal
transverse
it gives right and left sides
sagittal
gives equals halves
midsagittal
gives front and back
frontal
gives up and down
transverse
what are the 2 body regions
appendicular
axial
its the upper and lower extremities (arms and legs)
appendicular
its the head neck torso & contains 2 major cavities -
axial
what two cavitites are found in the ventral cavity
thoracic, abdominopelvic
what are the right and left pleural
lungs
the mediastinum region is between the …
lungs
the heart is in a seperate cavity called the
pericardial cavity
the liver, gallbladdder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, sm intestine, parts of lg intestine are found ….
in abdominal area
the lower colon, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organ are found …
pelvic area
its the muscle that seperates the thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
diaphragm
what are the two parts of the dorsal cavity
cranial
spinal
cranial -
brain
spinal -
spinal cord
what are two cavity membranes -
visceral
parietal
visceral -
membranes that cover organs
parietal -
membranes that line cavitites
visceral & pariteal are both …..
serous membranes
where are cavity membranes found -
in the pleural and peritoneal
term for membranes in the pleural cavity
pleural cavity
term for membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity
peritoneal
what is the space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes -
pleural cavity
what is tthe space between the parietal peritoneum & visceral peritonem -
peritoneal cavity
liver
gallblader
rt kidney
part of large intestine
RUQ
appendix, rt ovary, rt ureter
RLQ
sttomach spleen pancreas left kidney part of large intestine
LUQ
left ovary,
left ureter
LLQ
axillary -
on armpit
brachial
on arm
femoral -
on thigh
gluteal -
on trunk
patellar -
on knee
popliteal -
behind the knee
thoracic -
on the chest
dorsal -
another name for posterior
ventral -
another name for anterior
anterior -
point to the front
posterior -
point to the back
lateral -
to the side
medial -
to the middle
distal
the fingers
proximal -
to the shoulder
the three responses that occur when your body is too warm are ….
hairs lie flat
sweat is produced
blood vessels widen
the three responses that occur when your body is too cold are ….
blood vessels close, no sweat produced, hairs stand up
