Blood Course of Study Flashcards
erythrocytes sites are also known as..
Red blood cells
what is the origin of erythrocytes -
made in red bone marrow from a Hemocytoblast process called erythropoiesis
what is the function of erythrocytes -
takes O2 to tissues
O2 find to each of the four theme portions
then CO2 to longs for CO2 binds to the globin portion
what is the shape of erythrocytes -
biconave
The shape of erthryoctes allows ..
increase surface area so it is easier to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
and it contains hemoglobin
A red pigment that contains iron… binds oxygen
hemoglobin
if A +
Rh +
B -
then …
A+
if A+
Rh-
B-
then ..
A-
if A-
Rh+
B+
then …
B+
if A+
Rh+
B+
then …
AB+
If A
Rh +
B
then …
O+
Blood Type A phenotype -
A
blood type B phenotype
B
blood type AB phenotype
AB
blood type O phenotype
O
blood type A genotype-
I^A I^A
or
I^A i
blood type B genotype
I^B I^B
or
I^B i
blood type genotype for AB
I^A I^B
blood type O genotype
i i
Blood type A can receieve …
A
O
blood type B can receive…
B
O
blood type AB can recieve ….
AB
A
B
O
blood type O can receive…
O
what blood type is called universal donor
O
O can give blood to ….
anyone
what blood type is a universal recipient-
AB
leukocytes are also known as
white blood cells
White blood cells are larger than …
Red blood cells
they have chemical filled granules that can be seen when stained
Granulocytes
three parts to granulocytes-
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
this type is the most numerous of all white blood cells
- it does phagocytosis
- it’s fast to respond so fat and short term infections
neutrophils
when neutrophils move out of blood vessels and croup through or tissues in a form of movement this movement is called…..
diapedesis
neutrophils + microorganisms =
pus
this type of granulocyte is mostly in respiratory and digestive tracts
- response to parasites in allergens
- can ingest irritating chemicals
- stain is orange
eosinophils
it’s inflammatory reactions - response to injury, redness, swelling, heat
- it releases histamine
- releases heparin
- stain is a deep purple
basophils
histamine causes capillaries to… I am become leaky
dilate
plasma and phagocytes can go to….areas
injured
heparin prevents…
blood clots
they have granules but they are small and poor staining and so are not visible under a light microscope
agranulocytes
two parts to agranulocytes-
monocytes
lymphocytes
they are very huge and mobile
- they take longer to get to the infection so it is seen and chronic infections
- phagocytosis cleans up dead or dying cells
- kidney shaped, large
monocytes
this agranulocyte has a huge nucleus
lymphocytes
B lymphocytes make ….
antibodies
T lumphocytes attack …
infected cells
B. lymphocytes mature in…
bone marrow
T lymphocytes mature in the…
Thymus
two disorders of the leukocytes sites
leukopenia
leukocytosis
it’s abnormally low white blood cell count
- it is never beneficial
- May be caused by radiation shock and chemotherapy
leukopenia
it is abnormally high white blood cell count
- almost always accompanies infection
- in leukemia there is a tremendous increase of white blood cells whoever the extra cells do not function properly
leukocytosis
they are commonly called platelets, but not really a cell
Thrombocytes
thrombocytes are produced in bone marrow and break off from…
Hemocytoblasts
function of thrombocytes…
- stick together to form plug to help slow blood flow
- release chemicals to constrict blood vessels to reduce blood flow
- release thromboplastin
The three clotting mechanism reactions-
- injured cells and platelets release thromboplastin
- bow blaster in catalyzes the following reaction
(prothrombin — thrombin) - thrombin catalyzes the following reaction
(fibrinogen —- fibrin)
this type of plasma proteins maintains blood pressure
albumin
this type of plasma proteins fights nonself
anti-bodies
this plasma protein is involved in clock formation
fibrinogen
this plasma membrane is also involved in the clotting mechanism
prothrombin
