Chapter 3 Flashcards
malfunctioning lysosomes
taysachs
transport process that does not require energy
passive
contains digestive enzymes, cleaners
lysosomes
transport process that requires energy
active
cell engulfs bacterium
phagocytosis
a shrunken, wrinkled cell
crenated
makes carbohydrates
golgicomplex
protein channels in heart merge
gapjunctions
connects skin cells
desmosomes
molecules that makes channels and receptors in cells
proteins
a solution w/ the same solute concentration as the cell
isotonic
makes lipids
smoother
a solution with more solute than the cell
hypertonic
assembles amino acids into proteins
ribosomes
a solution with less solute than the cell
hypotonic
makes ATP
mitochondrian
movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
osmosis
solute crosses membrane
dyalosis
what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution
swells
malfunctioning cilia -
COPD
chloride ions can’t cross membrane
cysticfibrosis
makes intestinal cells impermeable
tightjunctions
moves substances on outside of cell
cilia
abnormal growths of cells can be ….
benign or malignant
these tumors grow slowly ….
benign
benign do not …… to other tissues
spread
usually not life threatening ….
benign
also known as cancer
malignant tumors
malignant tumors have irregular …
structures
cancer cells are ….
invasive
cancer cells break through boundaries called ….
basement membranes
cancer cells tend to have …… tht invade surrounding tissues
tendrils
malignant tumors grow …
quickly
its secrete chemical signal that causes blood vessels to grow to tumor
angiogenesis
malignant tumors tend to ….. to other regions …
spread
when cancer cells enter either the blood stream or the lymphatic system
streaming
leads to tumors beyond the original site -
metastasis
cells have …..
lost contact inhibition
where normal cells exhibit contact inhibition where they stop growing when they come in contact w/ another cell
contact inhibition
theyre usually spherical
benign
theyre irregular w/ tendrils
melignant
little vascularization -
benign
lots of vascularization (hijacks. vasc. Sys)
maglinant
they can push but don’t invade surroundings
benign
they invade surroundings and strangle w tendrils
maglinant
its “cancer causing”
carcinogens
step 1: carcinogen damages a cells ….. and activatesit
DNA
step 2: these cells reproduce and form a population of ….cells
mutated
step 3: these mutated cells are then ………. by carcinogen
hit again
virsuses inject their own …… and ….. into normal cells
DNA or RNA
this foreign DNA or RNA “distorts” normal chromosomes and makes the cells take on ….
new properties
having had vertain virsuses may put you at a higher risk for ….
certain cancers
four main types of cancers -
carcinomas
sarcomas
lymphomas
leukemias
they arise in organs
carcinomas
includes, breast, skin, and brain cancers -
carcinomas
they are connective tissue cells
sarcomas
inclsudes cartilage, bone, and muscle
sarcomas
the lymph system
lymphomas
examples include hodgkins disease
lymphomas
cancer of theblood cells -
leukemia
treatments 1:
surgical removal of …….
primary tumor
treatment 2: …. to kill any cancerous cells left in the immediate area
radiation
its a low level of poison to kill any cells
chemotherapy
most cells have …
plasma membrane
cytoplasm w/ organells
nucleus
makes ATP
mitochondria
contains enzymes to digest food and microbes
lysosomes
makes proteins (theyre the smallesT)
ribosomes
they transport proteins
rough ER
make lipids
smooth ER
makes carbs, modifies proteins
golgi complex
hair-like extensions of the plasma membrane
cilia
function of cilia -
move substances (ex mucus)
it dictates protein synthesis
nucleus
the nucleus contains the nucleolus which makes ….
ribosomes
cilia CANT keep … clean
lungs
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD
plasma membrane =
cell membrane
a flexible boudary of the cell that controls what enter and exits teh cell
plasma membrane
phospholipids have 2 chemical properties that allow it to be by ……. and create a …….. zone
water , nonpolar
three types of cell connections
desmosomes
gap junctions
tight junctions
desmosomes are “…….” that hold …….cells together -
spot welds / adjacent
gap junctions are……… channels of …………… adhere
adjacent plasma membranes
desmosomes are found in ….
skin
gap junctions are found in …
heart
