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H Anatomy/physiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

malfunctioning lysosomes

A

taysachs

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2
Q

transport process that does not require energy

A

passive

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3
Q

contains digestive enzymes, cleaners

A

lysosomes

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4
Q

transport process that requires energy

A

active

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5
Q

cell engulfs bacterium

A

phagocytosis

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6
Q

a shrunken, wrinkled cell

A

crenated

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7
Q

makes carbohydrates

A

golgicomplex

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8
Q

protein channels in heart merge

A

gapjunctions

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9
Q

connects skin cells

A

desmosomes

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10
Q

molecules that makes channels and receptors in cells

A

proteins

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11
Q

a solution w/ the same solute concentration as the cell

A

isotonic

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12
Q

makes lipids

A

smoother

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13
Q

a solution with more solute than the cell

A

hypertonic

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14
Q

assembles amino acids into proteins

A

ribosomes

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15
Q

a solution with less solute than the cell

A

hypotonic

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16
Q

makes ATP

A

mitochondrian

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17
Q

movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane

A

osmosis

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18
Q

solute crosses membrane

A

dyalosis

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19
Q

what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution

A

swells

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20
Q

malfunctioning cilia -

A

COPD

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21
Q

chloride ions can’t cross membrane

A

cysticfibrosis

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22
Q

makes intestinal cells impermeable

A

tightjunctions

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23
Q

moves substances on outside of cell

A

cilia

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24
Q

abnormal growths of cells can be ….

A

benign or malignant

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25
Q

these tumors grow slowly ….

A

benign

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26
Q

benign do not …… to other tissues

A

spread

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27
Q

usually not life threatening ….

A

benign

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28
Q

also known as cancer

A

malignant tumors

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29
Q

malignant tumors have irregular …

A

structures

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30
Q

cancer cells are ….

A

invasive

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31
Q

cancer cells break through boundaries called ….

A

basement membranes

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32
Q

cancer cells tend to have …… tht invade surrounding tissues

A

tendrils

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33
Q

malignant tumors grow …

A

quickly

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34
Q

its secrete chemical signal that causes blood vessels to grow to tumor

A

angiogenesis

35
Q

malignant tumors tend to ….. to other regions …

A

spread

36
Q

when cancer cells enter either the blood stream or the lymphatic system

A

streaming

37
Q

leads to tumors beyond the original site -

A

metastasis

38
Q

cells have …..

A

lost contact inhibition

39
Q

where normal cells exhibit contact inhibition where they stop growing when they come in contact w/ another cell

A

contact inhibition

40
Q

theyre usually spherical

A

benign

41
Q

theyre irregular w/ tendrils

A

melignant

42
Q

little vascularization -

A

benign

43
Q

lots of vascularization (hijacks. vasc. Sys)

A

maglinant

44
Q

they can push but don’t invade surroundings

A

benign

45
Q

they invade surroundings and strangle w tendrils

A

maglinant

46
Q

its “cancer causing”

A

carcinogens

47
Q

step 1: carcinogen damages a cells ….. and activatesit

A

DNA

48
Q

step 2: these cells reproduce and form a population of ….cells

A

mutated

49
Q

step 3: these mutated cells are then ………. by carcinogen

A

hit again

50
Q

virsuses inject their own …… and ….. into normal cells

A

DNA or RNA

51
Q

this foreign DNA or RNA “distorts” normal chromosomes and makes the cells take on ….

A

new properties

52
Q

having had vertain virsuses may put you at a higher risk for ….

A

certain cancers

53
Q

four main types of cancers -

A

carcinomas
sarcomas
lymphomas
leukemias

54
Q

they arise in organs

A

carcinomas

55
Q

includes, breast, skin, and brain cancers -

A

carcinomas

56
Q

they are connective tissue cells

A

sarcomas

57
Q

inclsudes cartilage, bone, and muscle

A

sarcomas

58
Q

the lymph system

A

lymphomas

59
Q

examples include hodgkins disease

A

lymphomas

60
Q

cancer of theblood cells -

A

leukemia

61
Q

treatments 1:

surgical removal of …….

A

primary tumor

62
Q

treatment 2: …. to kill any cancerous cells left in the immediate area

A

radiation

63
Q

its a low level of poison to kill any cells

A

chemotherapy

64
Q

most cells have …

A

plasma membrane
cytoplasm w/ organells
nucleus

65
Q

makes ATP

A

mitochondria

66
Q

contains enzymes to digest food and microbes

A

lysosomes

67
Q

makes proteins (theyre the smallesT)

A

ribosomes

68
Q

they transport proteins

A

rough ER

69
Q

make lipids

A

smooth ER

70
Q

makes carbs, modifies proteins

A

golgi complex

71
Q

hair-like extensions of the plasma membrane

A

cilia

72
Q

function of cilia -

A

move substances (ex mucus)

73
Q

it dictates protein synthesis

A

nucleus

74
Q

the nucleus contains the nucleolus which makes ….

A

ribosomes

75
Q

cilia CANT keep … clean

A

lungs

76
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

COPD

77
Q

plasma membrane =

A

cell membrane

78
Q

a flexible boudary of the cell that controls what enter and exits teh cell

A

plasma membrane

79
Q

phospholipids have 2 chemical properties that allow it to be by ……. and create a …….. zone

A

water , nonpolar

80
Q

three types of cell connections

A

desmosomes
gap junctions
tight junctions

81
Q

desmosomes are “…….” that hold …….cells together -

A

spot welds / adjacent

82
Q

gap junctions are……… channels of …………… adhere

A

adjacent plasma membranes

83
Q

desmosomes are found in ….

A

skin

84
Q

gap junctions are found in …

A

heart

H Anatomy/physiology (22 decks)

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