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H Anatomy/physiology > Chapter 6 Skin > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Skin Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary

A

“skin”

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2
Q

skin is the ……., yet thinnest organ

A

largest

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3
Q

roles of skin -

A 
defense
waterproof
shade from sun
regulates body temp
sensations
makes vitamin D
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4
Q

3 layers of the skin -

A

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous

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5
Q

its the outermost, avascular, stratified squamous epitheal tissue

A

epidermis

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6
Q

its the vascular fibrous tissue

A

dermis

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7
Q

its also called hypodermis …

A

subcutaneous

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8
Q

it carries major blood vessels to nerve and skin above

A

subcutaneous

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9
Q

subcutaneous contains …… tissue with lipocytes (fat cells) for padding, …. insulation, and stored energy

A

adipose

insulation

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10
Q

what are the 5 epidermal strata -

A 
stratum basale
spinosum
granulosum
lucidum
corneum
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11
Q

its composed of a single layer of tall or columnar epithelial cells.
this is a region of rapid mitosis

A

stratum basale

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12
Q

its composed of irregularly shaped cells ; the spiny appearance is due to fibery cell connections called desmosomes

A

stratum spinosum

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13
Q

Also here - langerhan’s cells - which are part of immune defense

A

stratum spinosum

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14
Q

is the place where the cell cytoplasm is being replaced with keratin

A

stratum granulosum

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15
Q

its a water-proofing chemical

A

keratin

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16
Q

granules filled with a keratin precursor

A

granulosum

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17
Q

its composed of dead cells containing extra material for protection

A

stratum lucidum

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18
Q

where is stratum lucidum found ?

A

where skin is thick
soles of feet
‘palms of hands

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19
Q

its composed of dead cells filled with keratin

A

stratum corneum

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20
Q

why is “flaking” a good idea -

A

gets rid of bacteria / fungus

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21
Q

….. in the stratum basale produces the pigment melanin

A

melanocytes

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22
Q

it is determined by DNA & UV

A

melanin

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23
Q

when sunlight strikes skin, melanocytes release …….

A

melanin

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24
Q

clusters of melanocytes form ….. and …..

A

freckles and moles

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25
Q

its decreased melanin production, genetic recessive

A

albinism

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26
Q

yellowish hue to skin and whites of eyes due to increased bilirubin

A

jaundice

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27
Q

decrease blood oxygen resulting in blue color

A

cyanosis

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28
Q

pouch usually filled w/ fluid caused by weak/destroyed desmosomes from friction

A

blisters

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29
Q

it’s much thicker then the epidermis ..

A

dermis

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30
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A

papillary

reticular

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31
Q

its thinner,

directly deeper than S. germinativum

A

papillary

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32
Q

tiny bumps called …

A

dermal papillae

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33
Q

Papillae …

A

nourish

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34
Q

what do these papillae nourish -

A

mitosis

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35
Q

because of the papillae, ridges form which function to give up better ……

A

gripping

using tools, walking barefoots

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36
Q

its thicker,

cells are scattered and there are many fibers in between the cells ….. white collagen & yellow elastic fibers

A

reticular

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37
Q

free nerve endings

A

pain

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38
Q

meissners corpuscles

A

light touch

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39
Q

krauses end bulbs

A

cold

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40
Q

ruffinis corpuscles

A

heat

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41
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

pressure

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42
Q

root hair plexus

A

tugged on hair

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43
Q

what happens when the arrector phili muscle contracts -

A

hair stands on end & get goose bumps

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44
Q

2 fibers -

A

collagen

elastic

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45
Q

tough & strong - holds the skin down

A

collagenn

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46
Q

stretch & rebound

A

elastic

47
Q

age (getting older) -

A

collagen breaks down

48
Q

age breakdown =

A

wrinkles

49
Q

what happens to our skin as we age and are exposed to more UV light -

A

elastic fibers in dermis decrease,
amount of subctaneous fat decreases,
wrinkles developed

50
Q

2 sweat glands -

A

eccrine

apocrine

51
Q

they are sweat glands that are numerous and widely distributed over the body

A

eccrine

52
Q

their primary function is to ….

A

help maintain body temp

53
Q

our fingertips help …

A

grip

54
Q

sweat =

A

wastes (salt, ammonia, urea, water)

55
Q

they are found in the armpits & around genitals

A

apocrine

56
Q

why does it have a distinctive odor?

A

secretion is broken down by skin bacteria

57
Q

they are also known as oil glands

A

sebaceous glands

58
Q

sebaceous glands produce ….. which the lubricates the hair and skin & skin from cracking/drying

A

sebum

59
Q

why is acne vulgaris most common durng teen years-

A

because increase in hormones leads to increase in sebum, which blocks ducts

60
Q

this gland isfound in the ear

A

cerminous glands

61
Q

cerminous glands produce a brown & waxy secretion called….

A

cerumen (earwax)

62
Q

it functions to protect skin of ear canal from dehydration

A

cerumen

63
Q

function of hair -

A

warm

64
Q

hair protects from ….

A

elemets (UV)

65
Q

3 things in circle -

A
  1. medulla
  2. cortex
  3. cuticle
66
Q

center =

filled w/ eleidin

A

medulla

67
Q

eledin makes the hair ….. and not brittle

A

supple

68
Q

gray hair lackss ….. and sticks out more

A

eledin

69
Q

its just outside the medulla

color pigment here

A

cortex

70
Q

its the outside layer

-made of overlapping dead cells

A

cuticle

71
Q

functions of skin :

A

protection

temp regulation

72
Q

keratin -

A

water-proof , tough

73
Q

melanin -

A

protects against UV rays

74
Q

why does skin have more blood vessels than it need -

A

to regulate body temperature

75
Q

Too cold?
blood vessels …..
blood flow ……

A

constrict

decreases

76
Q 
Too cold?
continuing ......
decrease heat loss & stays around ...... 
..... begins so heat help warms blood
....... and adipose help insutlate
A

body & core
shivering
goosebumps

77
Q

possible consequences of being too cold -

A

frostbite

hypothermia

78
Q

where the cells freeze and die b/c the cytoplasm expands when frozen and breaks cell membranes

A

frostbite

79
Q

its when the body drops below 90 degrees… unconscienceness and death can occur if not warmed soon

A

hypothermia

80
Q

Too hot?
blood vessels ……
blood flow ……

A

dilate

increases

81
Q

Too hot?

…… begins, so heat is lost as water evaporates

A

sweating

82
Q

possible consequences of being too hot -

A

heat stroke

83
Q

where body core gets over 105 degrees and cells die

A

heat stroke

84
Q

torso front -

A

18%

85
Q

torso back -

A

18%

86
Q

legs front -

A

9%

87
Q

legs back -

A

9%

88
Q

head front -

A

4.5%

89
Q

head back -

A

4.5%

90
Q

arms front -

A

4.5%

91
Q

arms back -

A

4.5%

92
Q

typicaly a sunburn
mild discomfort
some reddening

A

1st degree burn

93
Q

deep epidermal an upper dermis
PAIN / blisters
damage to sweat glands

A

second-degree burn

94
Q

destruction of epidermis and dermis
may involved underlying muscle/bone
No bone of nerve deth

A

Third-degree burn

95
Q

3 parts to skin repair -

A

platelets
stratum basale
macrophages

96
Q

platelets form …

A

scabs

97
Q

its a web of fiber that catches red blood cells

A

scabs

98
Q

why is bleeding a little good?

A

it cleasn the wound as dirt is washed away

99
Q

stratum basale –

S. germinativum cells ……………. from each direction

A

bridge gap

100
Q

wwhen 2 sides meet, mitosis stops b/c of ………., resulting layer is 1 cell thick

A

contact inhibition

101
Q

once form layer across, start going up “elevator of death” and form other layers (may get ……. from …….. motion)

A

itchy

upward

102
Q

macrophages ……. to clean area

A

eat bacteria

103
Q

to rebuild dermis ……

fibroblast migrate to wound site and make ……

A

new collagen

104
Q

new collagen is -

A

scar tissue

105
Q

2 types of special scars

A

keloid

adhesions

106
Q

a lumpy scar

collagen is over-produced up over the surface resulting in a bubbling scar - genetic

A

keloid

107
Q

an internal scarring in the abdomen
genetic
post surgery, excess collagen can wind around organs
must be cut

A

adhensions

108
Q

3 types of skin cancers -

A

squamous cell carcinoma
basal cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma

109
Q

they are red, scaly patch
nodule
most curable
slow growing

A

squamous cell carcinoma

110
Q

they are bleeding, crusty patches that refuse to heal

A

basal cell carcinoma

111
Q

deadly
they metastasizes quickly
starts as a mole

A

maglinant melanoma

112
Q

nevus -

A

mole

113
Q

ABCD mole awareness -

A

asymetrical
border is ragged
color dark/uneven
diameter 6mm

114
Q

the major cause of skin cancer is from -

A

UV rays from sun

H Anatomy/physiology (22 decks)

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