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pathology unit 5 > Nephritic syndrome > Flashcards

Nephritic syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical features of nephritic syndrome?

A

hematuria, oliguria, azotemia, limited proteinuria, HTN

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2
Q

what does biopsy of a kidney with nephritic syndrome reveal? What is seen in urinalysis?

A

hypercellular inflamed glomeruli

RBC casts and dysmorphic RBCs

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3
Q

What causes alport syndrome? What are the presenting symptoms?

A

inherited x linked defect of type IV collagen

presents with hematuria, sensory hearing loss, occular dysfunction

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4
Q

What is the signature sign of rapidly progressive renal failure?

A

crescents

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5
Q

What are crescents composed of?

A

fibrin and macros

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6
Q

In poststrep glomerulonephritis what are the antibodies against? where are they found?

A

anti strep O

-mostly subepithelial

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7
Q

What virulence factor does the strain of strep have that allows it to cause poststrep glomerulonephritis?

A

M protein

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8
Q

What are some clinical features seen in poststrep glomerulonephritis?

A

hematuria - cola colored
hypocomplementemia
htn
oliguria

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9
Q

In IgA nephropathy, where do the antibodies deposit?

A

the mesangium

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10
Q

What is igA nephropathy associated with?

A

respiratory and GI infections

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11
Q

What is pathologically present in the urine in IgA nephropathy?

A

RBC casts

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12
Q

describe class I SLE

A

minimal mesangial lupus nephritis

-no microscopic changes

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13
Q

describe class II SLE

A

mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis

-mesangial hypercellularity and expansion

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14
Q

describe class III SLE

A

focal proliferative lupus nephritis

  • subendo and mesangial deposits
  • inflammation is present - PMNs, monocytes
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15
Q

describe class IV SLE

A 
diffuse proliferative nephritis
same as class III but involves >50% of glomeruli
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16
Q

describe class V SLE

A

membranous lupus nephritis

-subepithelial immune deposits

17
Q

describe class VI SLE

A

advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis

18
Q

What are tubuloreticular inclusions?

A

organized subcellular structures that may be found in endothelial cells . They are clusters of anastomosing tubule-like structures within cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

When are tubuloreticular inclusions seen?

A

SLE and viral infections - particularly HIV

-thought to be related to interferon production

20
Q

What causes pulmonary hemorrhage more frequently: goodpasture syndrome or wegners?

A

wegners

21
Q

What type of nephropathology is present in ANCA glomerulonephritis?

A

focal glomerular necrosis and crescents

22
Q

What causes wegners? what is the triad of symptoms?

A

cANCA

hemoptysis, hematuria, sinusitis

23
Q

What causes microscopic polyangitis?

A

pANCA

24
Q

What causes churgg strauss syndrome? what are the symptoms and pathological findings?

A

pANCA
eosinophils and granulomas
asthma , vasculitis

25
Q

In which vasculites that affect the kidney, are granulomas present?

A

churgg strauss, wegners

26
Q

Which tends to affect the kidney, PAN or microscopic polyangitis?

A

microscopic polyangitis

27
Q

What are the symptoms of henoch schonlein?

A

palpable purpura, hematuria, GI bleeding

28
Q

What are three general causes of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis? (proteins that become insoluble at cold temps)

A
  1. multiple myeloma and waldenstroms macroglobulinemia
  2. hepatitis C - monoclonal rheum factor
  3. polyclonal Ig with antiglobulin activity - autoimmune/inflam disorders
29
Q

What is henoch shonlein purpura associated with?

A

viral infections

30
Q

What occurs pathologically in benign hypertension?

A

hyaline arteriosclerosis
fibrotic intimal thickening of the arcuate arteries
medial hyperplasia of the interlobar arteries

31
Q

Who is especially susceptible to the effects of benign hypertension?

A

blacks

32
Q

What is present pathologically in malignant htn?

A

red fibrinoid necrosis and edematous intimal expansion

33
Q

What autoimmune disease mimics malignant hypertension?

A

scleroderma

34
Q

what do the light chains bind to in the urine of a multiple myeloma patient?

A

tamm horsfall glycoproteins secreted by the DT

35
Q

In severe ischemia, what part of the kidney is preferentially affected?

A

the cortex

36
Q

What is the classic situation for cortical necrosis?

A

besides hypovolemia and endotoxic shock:

–>premature placental separation

pathology unit 5 (25 decks)

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