male GU-prostate

Question 1

what type of fluid does the prostate secrete?

Answer 1

alkaline milky

Question 2

what are the 2 most common causes of acute prostatitis in young adults?

Answer 2

chlamydia and gonorrhoaeae

Question 3

what are the 2 most common causes of acute prostatitis in older adults?

Answer 3

e coli and pseudomonas

Question 4

what 3 symptoms are associated with acute prostatitis?

Answer 4

dysuria, fever and chills

Question 5

how does the prostate feel on digital rectal exam in acute prostatitis?

Answer 5

tender and boggy

Question 6

what does the prostate secretions show in acute prostatitis?

Answer 6

WBCs and the culture is + for bacteria

Question 7

what are the 2 main symptoms of chronic prostatitis?

Answer 7

dysuria with pelvic or low back pain

Question 8

what do the prostate secretions show in chronic prostatitis?

Answer 8

WBCs with - bacterial culture`

Question 9

describe the role of DHT in benign prostate hyperplasia

Answer 9

DHT acts on androgen receptors of stromal and epithelial cells resulting in hyperplasitc nodules

Question 10

what enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?

Answer 10

5a reductase

Question 11

where in the prostate does BPH occur?

Answer 11

periurethral zone

Question 12

hypertrophy of bladder wall smooth muscle in BPH is associated with increased risk for..

Answer 12

bladder diverticula

Question 13

what is the role of PSA?

Answer 13

it liquifies semen

Question 14

what are 2 treatment options for BPH?

Answer 14

a1 antagonist

5a reductase inhibitor

Question 15

what are some negatives of using a 5a reductase inhibitors

Answer 15

• takes months to produce results

- side effects of gyecomastia and sexual dysfunction

Question 16

what are 2 major risk factors for prostate adenocarcinoma

Answer 16

african americans and a diet high in sat fat

Question 17

where in the prostate does prostate adenocarcinoma usually present?

Answer 17

peripheral posterior region of prostate

Question 18

how do you screen for prostate adenocarcinoma?

Answer 18

DRE and PSA

Question 19

a PSA higher than ___is worrisome

Answer 19

higher than 10 ng/mL

Question 20

what type of PSA does cancer produce?

Answer 20

it produces BOUND PSA so a decrease in free PSA is worrisome for cancer

Question 21

what type of grading system is used for prostate adenocarcionma?

Answer 21

gleason grading system

Question 22

what is the gleason grading system based on?

Answer 22

architecture alone (NOT nuclear atypia)

Question 23

if prostate cancer spreads to the lumbar spine, what does it result in?

Answer 23

low back pain and increased serum alk phosphatase, PSA and PAP. you will see SCLEROTIC lesions (instead of punched out lesions)

Question 24

what are 2 drug classes are used to treat prostate adenocarcinoma?

Answer 24

continuous GnRH analogs which shut down anterior pituitary gonadotrophs and flutamide which acts as a competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor