male GU-prostate Flashcards
what type of fluid does the prostate secrete?
alkaline milky
what are the 2 most common causes of acute prostatitis in young adults?
chlamydia and gonorrhoaeae
what are the 2 most common causes of acute prostatitis in older adults?
e coli and pseudomonas
what 3 symptoms are associated with acute prostatitis?
dysuria, fever and chills
how does the prostate feel on digital rectal exam in acute prostatitis?
tender and boggy
what does the prostate secretions show in acute prostatitis?
WBCs and the culture is + for bacteria
what are the 2 main symptoms of chronic prostatitis?
dysuria with pelvic or low back pain
what do the prostate secretions show in chronic prostatitis?
WBCs with - bacterial culture`
describe the role of DHT in benign prostate hyperplasia
DHT acts on androgen receptors of stromal and epithelial cells resulting in hyperplasitc nodules
what enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?
5a reductase
where in the prostate does BPH occur?
periurethral zone
hypertrophy of bladder wall smooth muscle in BPH is associated with increased risk for..
bladder diverticula
what is the role of PSA?
it liquifies semen
what are 2 treatment options for BPH?
a1 antagonist
5a reductase inhibitor
what are some negatives of using a 5a reductase inhibitors
- takes months to produce results
- side effects of gyecomastia and sexual dysfunction
what are 2 major risk factors for prostate adenocarcinoma
african americans and a diet high in sat fat
where in the prostate does prostate adenocarcinoma usually present?
peripheral posterior region of prostate
how do you screen for prostate adenocarcinoma?
DRE and PSA
a PSA higher than ___is worrisome
higher than 10 ng/mL
what type of PSA does cancer produce?
it produces BOUND PSA so a decrease in free PSA is worrisome for cancer
what type of grading system is used for prostate adenocarcionma?
gleason grading system
what is the gleason grading system based on?
architecture alone (NOT nuclear atypia)
if prostate cancer spreads to the lumbar spine, what does it result in?
low back pain and increased serum alk phosphatase, PSA and PAP. you will see SCLEROTIC lesions (instead of punched out lesions)
what are 2 drug classes are used to treat prostate adenocarcinoma?
continuous GnRH analogs which shut down anterior pituitary gonadotrophs and flutamide which acts as a competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor
