endocrine-parathyroid glands Flashcards
what cells secrete PTH
chief cells
what are 3 major functions of PTH
- increase bone osteoclast activity-releasing Ca and phosphate
- increase small bowel absorption of calcium and phosphate
- increases renal calcium reabsorption (distal tubule) and decrease phosphate reabsorption (proximal tubule)
what is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma
what type of nephrolithiasis would you see in primary parathyroidism
calcium oxalate stones
what is nephrocalcinosis
metastatic calfication of renal tubules potentially leading to renal insufficiency and polyuria
what are 3 GI side effects of primary parathyroidism that can be seen
constipation
peptic ulcer disease
acute pancreatitis
what is the following
“ resorption of bone leading to fibrosis and cystic spaces”
osteitis cibrosa cystica
how are the following affected in primary parathyroidism serum pth serum ca serum phosphate urinary cAMP serum alk phos
serum pth- increase serum ca-increase serum phosphate- decrease urinary cAMP- increase serum alk phos- increase
what is the most common cause of secondary parathyroidism?
chronic renal failure
how are the following affected in secondary hyperparathyroidism? serum pth serum ca serum phosphate serum alk phos
serum pth- increase
serum ca- decrease
serum phosphate- increase
serum alk phos- increase
what syndrome is associated with hypoparathyroidism
diGeorge syndrome
what are some presenting symptoms of hypoparathyroidism
related to low serum calcium
numbness and tingling
muscle spasms (tetany)- can be seen in trousseau sign or chvostek sign
what is trousseau sign
filling blood pressure cuff and you see muscle spasm
what is chvostek sign?
tapping of facial nerve causing muscle spasm
what is pseudohypoparathyroidism
hypocalcemia but with high PTH levels because of end organ resistance to PTH
