Bone part one Flashcards

1
Q

What is achondroplasia?

A

impaired cartilage proliferation in the growth plate

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2
Q

What causes achondroplasia?

A

auto dom activating mutation in FGFR3

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3
Q

What are the physical deformities in someone with achondroplasia?

A

most common cause of dwarfism

- short extremities with normal sized head and chest

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4
Q

Why are the head and chest normal in a person with achondroplasia ?

A

no issue with intramembranous bone formation

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5
Q

What is morquio syndrome?

A

severe dwarfism, dental defects, mental retardation, corneal opacities

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6
Q

What causes morquio syndrome?

A

mucopolysach. type IV - deposition of GAGs in long bones

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7
Q

What happens to bones in scurvy?

A

lack of osteoblastic function

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8
Q

What causes scoliosis and kyphosis?

A

one portion of the endplate grows faster than the other

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9
Q

What causes osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

AD defect in collagen type I synthesis

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10
Q

Why do OI patients have blue sclera?

A

exposure of the choroidal veins

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11
Q

What is osteopetrosis?

A

inherited defect of bone resorption –> abnormal thick, heavy bone that fractures easily

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12
Q

What causes osteopetrosis?

A

carb anhydrase II mutation

-need acidic envt for bone resorption

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13
Q

What are some clinical complications of osteopetrosis besides fractures?

A

anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia

  • vision and hearing impairment
  • hydrocephalus - thickened foramen magnum
  • renal tubular acidosis - carb anhydrase deficient
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14
Q

What is the treatment for osteopetrosis?

A

BM transplant

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15
Q

What are the steps of bone repair after fracture?

A
  1. inflammatory phase: 1-2 days
  2. 2-5 days after hemorrhage - large clot
  3. 7 days - earliest bone formed - woven
  4. reparative phase: first week after -months
    - fibroblasts and osteoblasts work from outside to center
  5. remodeling phase - callus seals the end of bones
    - may undergo for years
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16
Q

What is myositis ossificans?

A

reactive bone in muscle after injury

17
Q

How do you distinguish myositis ossificans from a neoplasm?

A

bone is mature peripherally and immature in the center

-neoplasms are most mature centrally

18
Q

what is metastatic calcification?

A

inc ca and P in the serum leads to deposition

19
Q

What is dystrophic calcification?

A

damaged soft tissues are calcified