kidney-urinary tract infection Flashcards
what are 3 risk factors for urinary tract infection?
sexual intercourse
urinary stasis
catheters
what is cystitis?
infection of the bladder
how does cystitis present? systemic symptoms?
dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency and suprapubic pain systemic signs (like fever) are usually ABSENT
what will be seen in the urinanalysis in cystitis?
coudy urine with >10 WBC WBCs/hpf
what will be seen in a dipstick with cystitis?
positive leukocyte esterase (due to pyuria) and nitrites (bacteria convert nitrates to nitrites)
will the culture be positive or negative in cystitis? (usually)
positive
what is the most likely causative agent in cystitis?
e coli
what agent is seen in cystitis in young sexually active women (besides e coli)
staph saprophyticus
what agent causes cystitis with..
“ alkaline urine with ammonia scent”
proteus mirabilis
what are you thinking if you have sterile pyruia (>10 WBCs and leukocyte esterase but negative urine culture)
suggets urethritis due to chlamydia or neisseria gonorrhoeae
what is pyelonephritis
infection of kidney
what condition increases the risk for pyelonephritis?
vesicoureteral reflux
how does pyelonephritis present?
fever, flank pain, WBC casts, leukocytosis and all the symptoms seen in cystitis
what are the top 3 causative agents of pyelonephritis?
- e coli (90%)
- enterococcus faecalis
- klebsiella
what disease:
“ interstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis”
chronic pyelonephritis
