Male GU: Renal pelvis and ureter

Question 1

What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants?

Answer 1

obstruction of the uteropelvic junction

Question 2

If something causes a ureteral obstruction proximally, would that cause obstruction unilaterally or bilatera?

Answer 2

unilateral

Question 3

What is the most common manifestation of STDs in men?

Answer 3

urethral discharge

Question 4

What does this describe, “ polyploid inflam lesion near the female urethral meatus that produces pain and bleeding. It is present exlusively in women after menopause”

Answer 4

urethral caruncle

Question 5

What is the triad of reiter syndrome?

Answer 5

urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

Question 6

What immunohisto complex is associated with reiter syndrome?

Answer 6

HLAB27

Question 7

What organisms are associated with reiter syndrome?

Answer 7

shigella, campylobacter, salmonella

Question 8

What is extrophy of the bladder associated with?

Answer 8

epispadias

Question 9

What type of cancer does extrophy of the bladder predispose a patient to?

Answer 9

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 10

Adenocarcinoma is associated with which predisposing pathological conditions?

Answer 10

urachal remnant and cystitis glandularis

Question 11

What part of the urinary tract is most common for infection?

Answer 11

bladder - cystitis

Question 12

What organisms tend to attack the bladder?

Answer 12

ecoli, proteus, pseudomonas, enterobacter

shisto in middle east

Question 13

In acute bacterial cystitis, what is seen pathologically?

Answer 13

hemorrhagic focal petechiae and neutrophilic infiltrate

Question 14

What causes chronic interstitial cystitis?

Answer 14

a mucosal ulceration called a hunner ulcer

Question 15

what demographic does chronic interstitial cystitis tend to occur in?

Answer 15

middle aged women

Question 16

What is seen microscopically with chronic interstitial cystitis?

Answer 16

mast cells, chronic inflam infiltrate, fibrosis

Question 17

What is malakoplakia?

Answer 17

soft yellow plaques on the mucosal surface of the bladder due to macro infiltrate from an infection with Ecoli

Question 18

What are michaelis gutmann bodies? when are they seen?

Answer 18

engorged lyosomes seen in malakoplakia

calcium bodies

Question 19

Name two normal variants of the bladder?

Answer 19

brunn nests and cystic lesions

Question 20

What is nephrogenic metaplasia of the bladder?

Answer 20

transitional –> renal tubules
produces a papillary exophytic nodule
can cause obstruction of the ureters

Question 21

What are the risk factors for neoplasms in the bladder?

Answer 21

1. cig smoking
2. azo dyes
3. shisto in the mid east
4. cyclophosphamide and analgesics
5. radiation

Question 22

What is characteristic of low malignant potential lesions of the bladder?

Answer 22

no atypia but larger than benign lesions

Question 23

what is characteristic of low grade papillary carcinoma?

Answer 23

minimal atypia

Question 24

what is characteristic of high grade papillary carcinoma?

Answer 24

mitoses and atypia