bone- tumors

Question 1

what tumor?

benign tumor of compact cortical bone

Answer 1

osteoma

Question 2

what syndrome is osteoma associated with

Answer 2

gardner syndrome

Question 3

what mutation is gardner syndrome assoc with

Answer 3

APC gene mutation

Question 4

what tumor
“ solitary lesion in childhood. very common, presents between ages 4-10. lesion is granular and dark red to brown on gross exam”

Answer 4

nonossifying fibroma aka fibrous cortical defect

Question 5

what tumor

“benign tumors of osteoblasts surrounded by rim of reactive bone”

Answer 5

osteoid osteoma

Question 6

what tumor pain RESOLVES with aspirin?

Answer 6

osteoid osteoma

Question 7

what tumor does NOT resolve with aspirin

Answer 7

osteoblastoma

Question 8

what is different about the arising locations of an osteoid osteoma and an osteoblastoma

Answer 8

osteoid osteoma- cortex of long bonds

osteoblastoma- vertebrae

Question 9

what tumor

“ benign, intraosseous tumor composed of well differentiated hyaline cartilage”

Answer 9

solitary chondroma

Question 10

what is the most common benign tumor of bone?

Answer 10

osteochondroma

Question 11

what tumor

“ tumor of bone with an overlying cartilage cap”

Answer 11

osteochondroma

Question 12

where does an osteochondroma arise from

Answer 12

arises from lateral projection of growth plate

Question 13

what are you worried about happening to the overlying cartilage of an osteochondroma

Answer 13

it transforming into chondrosarcoma

Question 14

what disease

“auto dom disorder with multiple ostechondromas”

Answer 14

hereditary multiple osteochondromatosis (HMO)

Question 15

loss of what genes is associated with hereditary multiple osteochondromatosis (HMO)

Answer 15

loss of EXT1 or EXT2

Question 16

what is the most common primary malignant bone tumor

Answer 16

osteosarcoma

Question 17

what are 3 major risk factors for osteosarcoma

Answer 17

• familial Rb
• paget disease
• radiation exposure

Question 18

what lab value will be elevated in osteosarcoma

Answer 18

alkaline phosphatase

Question 19

in what tumor would you see codman’s angle on xray

Answer 19

osteosarcoma

Question 20

what tumor would you see a “burst of sunlight” on xray

Answer 20

osteosarcoma

Question 21

what is the only tumor we have to know that arises in the epiphysis?

Answer 21

giant cell tumor

Question 22

in what tumor will you see a “soap bubble appearance” on xray

Answer 22

giant cell tumor

Question 23

what tumor

“malignant proliferation of poorly differentiated cells derived from neuroectoderm”

Answer 23

ewing sarcoma

Question 24

how does ewing sarcoma appear on xray

Answer 24

onion skin appearance

Question 25

what will the biopsy of an ewing sarcoma tumor look like

Answer 25

small round blue cells that look like lymphocytes

Question 26

what is the translocation that is seen with ewing sarcoma

Answer 26

11,22 translocation

Question 27

where do cartilage tumors usually arise

Answer 27

in the medulla

Question 28

where do benign tumors of cartilage arise (which bones)

Answer 28

small bones of hands and feet

Question 29

where do malignant tumors of cartilage arise (which bones)

Answer 29

pelvis

Question 30

what type of metastatic lesions in the bone does prostate cancer produce

Answer 30

osteoblastic lesions

Question 31

besides prostate cancer, what type of metastatic lesions in the bone are seen

Answer 31

osteolytic (punched out) lesions

Question 32

what is the most common site of bone mets in adults

Answer 32

vertebral colomn

Question 33

what is the most common site of bone mets in a child

Answer 33

appendicular skeleton

Question 34

what tumor "small wellcircumscribed subcutaneous lipoma with extensive vascular proliferation usually appears shortly after puberty"

Answer 34

angiolipoma

Question 35

the presence of what cell is the differentiating factor between a lipoma and a liposarcoma

Answer 35

liposarcomas have lipoblasts

Question 36

what disease is cardiac rhabdomyomas assoc with

Answer 36

tuberous sclerosis

Question 37

what is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children

Answer 37

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 38

what is the characteristic cell in a rhabdomyosarcoma and what does it stain for

Answer 38

rhabdomyoblasts | desmin positive

Question 39

what lesion | "benign lesion that can be mistaken for a sarcoma. probably results from trauma"

Answer 39

nodular fasciitis

Question 40

in what tumor would you see a "herringbone" pattern

Answer 40

fibrosarcoma

Question 41

what tumor | "benign soft tissue tumor that is painful and appears as firm, yellow circumscribed nodules"

Answer 41

leiomyoma

Question 42

what tumor "high malignant tumor that is usually circumscribed, round or multilobular mass attached to tendons, tendon sheaths or exterior wall of joint capsule"

Answer 42

synovial sarcoma