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pathology unit 5 > bone- tumors > Flashcards

bone- tumors Flashcards

1
Q

what tumor?

benign tumor of compact cortical bone

A

osteoma

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2
Q

what syndrome is osteoma associated with

A

gardner syndrome

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3
Q

what mutation is gardner syndrome assoc with

A

APC gene mutation

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4
Q

what tumor
“ solitary lesion in childhood. very common, presents between ages 4-10. lesion is granular and dark red to brown on gross exam”

A

nonossifying fibroma aka fibrous cortical defect

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5
Q

what tumor

“benign tumors of osteoblasts surrounded by rim of reactive bone”

A

osteoid osteoma

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6
Q

what tumor pain RESOLVES with aspirin?

A

osteoid osteoma

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7
Q

what tumor does NOT resolve with aspirin

A

osteoblastoma

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8
Q

what is different about the arising locations of an osteoid osteoma and an osteoblastoma

A

osteoid osteoma- cortex of long bonds

osteoblastoma- vertebrae

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9
Q

what tumor

“ benign, intraosseous tumor composed of well differentiated hyaline cartilage”

A

solitary chondroma

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10
Q

what is the most common benign tumor of bone?

A

osteochondroma

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11
Q

what tumor

“ tumor of bone with an overlying cartilage cap”

A

osteochondroma

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12
Q

where does an osteochondroma arise from

A

arises from lateral projection of growth plate

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13
Q

what are you worried about happening to the overlying cartilage of an osteochondroma

A

it transforming into chondrosarcoma

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14
Q

what disease

“auto dom disorder with multiple ostechondromas”

A

hereditary multiple osteochondromatosis (HMO)

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15
Q

loss of what genes is associated with hereditary multiple osteochondromatosis (HMO)

A

loss of EXT1 or EXT2

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16
Q

what is the most common primary malignant bone tumor

A

osteosarcoma

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17
Q

what are 3 major risk factors for osteosarcoma

A
  • familial Rb
  • paget disease
  • radiation exposure
18
Q

what lab value will be elevated in osteosarcoma

A

alkaline phosphatase

19
Q

in what tumor would you see codman’s angle on xray

A

osteosarcoma

20
Q

what tumor would you see a “burst of sunlight” on xray

A

osteosarcoma

21
Q

what is the only tumor we have to know that arises in the epiphysis?

A

giant cell tumor

22
Q

in what tumor will you see a “soap bubble appearance” on xray

A

giant cell tumor

23
Q

what tumor

“malignant proliferation of poorly differentiated cells derived from neuroectoderm”

A

ewing sarcoma

24
Q

how does ewing sarcoma appear on xray

A

onion skin appearance

25
Q

what will the biopsy of an ewing sarcoma tumor look like

A

small round blue cells that look like lymphocytes

26
Q

what is the translocation that is seen with ewing sarcoma

A

11,22 translocation

27
Q

where do cartilage tumors usually arise

A

in the medulla

28
Q

where do benign tumors of cartilage arise (which bones)

A

small bones of hands and feet

29
Q

where do malignant tumors of cartilage arise (which bones)

A

pelvis

30
Q

what type of metastatic lesions in the bone does prostate cancer produce

A

osteoblastic lesions

31
Q

besides prostate cancer, what type of metastatic lesions in the bone are seen

A

osteolytic (punched out) lesions

32
Q

what is the most common site of bone mets in adults

A

vertebral colomn

33
Q

what is the most common site of bone mets in a child

A

appendicular skeleton

34
Q

what tumor
“small wellcircumscribed subcutaneous lipoma with extensive vascular proliferation usually appears shortly after puberty”

A

angiolipoma

35
Q

the presence of what cell is the differentiating factor between a lipoma and a liposarcoma

A

liposarcomas have lipoblasts

36
Q

what disease is cardiac rhabdomyomas assoc with

A

tuberous sclerosis

37
Q

what is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

38
Q

what is the characteristic cell in a rhabdomyosarcoma and what does it stain for

A

rhabdomyoblasts

desmin positive

39
Q

what lesion

“benign lesion that can be mistaken for a sarcoma. probably results from trauma”

A

nodular fasciitis

40
Q

in what tumor would you see a “herringbone” pattern

A

fibrosarcoma

41
Q

what tumor

“benign soft tissue tumor that is painful and appears as firm, yellow circumscribed nodules”

A

leiomyoma

42
Q

what tumor
“high malignant tumor that is usually circumscribed, round or multilobular mass attached to tendons, tendon sheaths or exterior wall of joint capsule”

A

synovial sarcoma

pathology unit 5 (25 decks)

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