Nematodes

Question 1

What are the intestinal Nematodes?

Answer 1

1) enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) 2) Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) 3) Strongyloides stercoralis 4) Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms)

Question 2

Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 2

pinworm. Fecal oral. Intestinal infection causing anal pruritus (diagnosed via scotch tape test). TX: Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate because worms are bendy

Question 3

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant round worm)

Answer 3

fecal-oral; eggs visible in feces under microscope. Intestinal infection. TX: Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

Question 4

Strongyloides Stercoralis

Answer 4

larvae in soil penetrate the skin. Intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain (may be peptic ulcer-like). TX: bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

Question 5

What are the tissue nematodes?

Answer 5

onchocerca volvulus, (f)LOA (f)LOA, Wuchereria bancrofti, Toxocara canis

Question 6

Onchocerca vulvulus

Answer 6

female blackfly bite. hyperigmented skin and river blindness (black flies, black skin nodules, ‘black sight’; allergic reaction to microfilaria possible. TX: Ivermectin (ivermectin for rIVER blindness)

Question 7

(f)LOA (f)LOA

Answer 7

deer fly, horse fly, mango fly. Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva. TX: diethylcarbamazine

Question 8

Wuchereria bancrofti

Answer 8

female mosquito. blocks lymphatic vessels: elephantiasis; takes 9 mo to one year after bite to become symptomatic. TX: Diethyl carbamazine.

Question 9

Toxocara canis

Answer 9

fecal-oral. Visceral larva migrans. Albendazole or mebendazole. Can get into eye

Question 10

Nematodes routes of infection EAT

Answer 10

ingested: Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara

Question 11

Nematodes routes of infection (these get into your feet from the SANd)

Answer 11

stronglyoides, Ancylostoma, Necator

Question 12

Nematodes from bites (lay LOW to avoid getting bitten)

Answer 12

(f)loa (floa), Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 13

What are the Cestodes (tapeworms)

Answer 13

Taenia solium, diphyllobothrium latum, Echinococcus granulosus

Question 14

Taenia Solium modes of transmission

Answer 14

1) Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork 2) Ingestion of eggs

Question 15

Taenia solium

Answer 15

1) ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork leads to intestinal infection and should be treated with praziquantel. 2) ingestion of eggs cause cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis and should be treated with praziquantel. Albendazole for neurocysticercosis

Question 16

Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 16

ingestion of larvae from raw reshwater fish. Vit B12 deficiency (tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine) which leads to anemia. TX: praziquantel

Question 17

Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 17

ingestion of eggs from dog feces. Hydatid cysts in liver, causing anaphylaxis if antigens released (surgeons pre-inject with ethanol to kills cysts before removal). TX: Albendazole

Question 18

What are the Trematodes (flukes)

Answer 18

schistosoma, Clonorchis Sinensis

Question 19

Schistosoma

Answer 19

snails are host; cercariae penetrate skin of humans. Liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, and inflammation. Chronic infection with S. haematobium can lead to SCC of the bladder (painless hematuria). TX: praziquantel

Question 20

Clonorchis sinesnsis

Answer 20

undercooked fish. Biliary tract inflammation -> pigmented gallstones associted with cholangiocarcinoma. TX: praziquantel

Question 21

biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 21

clonorchis sinensis

Question 22

Brain cysts, seizures

Answer 22

taenia solium (cysticercosis)

Question 23

hematuria, bladder cancer

Answer 23

schistosoma hamatobium

Question 24

liver *hydatid cysts)

Answer 24

echinococcus granulosus

Question 25

Microcytis anemia

Answer 25

ancylostoma, necator

Question 26

perianal pruitus

Answer 26

enterobius

Question 27

portal HTN

Answer 27

schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonisum

Question 28

vit b12 deficeincy

Answer 28

diphyllobothrium latum