Need for Oxygen Flashcards
Polyphenols
found in tea and coffee. It makes it harder for patient to absorb iron.
toxic liquid found in candles & what can it cause?
benzene; anemia, leukemia
What is foot-strike hemolysis?
runners can develop this, RBC are broken down in feet, they can have blood in urine
When is iron deficiency anemia most common in children?
2-6 months because that is when they stop drinking formula
s/s of iron deficiency
brittle nails, sore or swollen tongue, cracks in mouth, enlarged spleen, pica, restless leg syndrome
What foods have iron in it?
Red meat, organ meat, broccoli, green leafy foods, beans, spirulina, eggs, whole grains
What should you take/ not take with iron?
Should take with vit c, should not take with calcium 30 mins before or after taking iron
What is Iron Dextran (Inferon)?
it treats iron deficiency, its given in the vastus lateralis and you use the z-track method. Draw it up with one neeedle and give it with another needle.
OD on iron is most common at what age?
12 months - 2 years
what does the tubing look like when doing a blood transfusion?
y-shaped with a filter
What do you do first before transfusing blood?
check order with another nurse, prime line with NS check to see if patient had a previous rxn from blood in the past, VS, give blood within 30 mins of getting blood and within 4 hours of transfusion
What along with benadryl can you take if you have an allergic rxn?
Solu-cortef
what blood type can AB receive?
It’s the universal recipient
what blood type can O recieve?
O
What blood type can AA, AO receive?
AA, AO, OO
What blood type can BB, BO, OO receive?
BB, BO, OO
Acute hemolytic transfusion rxn s/s
hypotension, temp increase >2 degrees, chest pain, diaphoresis
Coagulopathy
transfusion complication where the hosts clotting factors/ platelets are diluted
Hypothermia
transfusion complication that happens because blood is cold
Why is hyperkalemia a transfusion rxn complication?
may be increased in if RBC burst during transfusion
Why is hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis a transfusion rxn complication?
it can happen is a large amount of citrated cells are transfused
If a patient doesn’t want a blood transfusion, what can we do instead?
give Erythropoietin (Procrit, Epogen) or Neupogen (to increase WBC or Leukine (To increase macrophage count)
Iron should be given where IM?
large muscle
Folic Acid deficiency is common in?
alcoholics, patients receiving TPN and elderly and people on antiseizure meds
If a patient is on Dilantin or Phenabaritol what should you check for?
folic acid deficiency
The body needs folic acid to make?
WBC, RBC, Platelets & for normal growth
How is folic acid consumed?
PO/IM/diet
Folic acid foods
Okra, asparagus, liver, cooked dry beans
Vitamin B 12 is necessary for?
synthesis of DNA, cell division and maturation
What happens to your cells without vit B12?
they are fragile and have a shortened life span
What is the intrinsic factor and why is it important?
Intrinsic factor is secreted by gastric mucosa and absorbs vitamin B12.
Pernicious anemia
form of B12 deficiency because with this, you have no intrinsic factor and so you cant absorb vitamin B12
s/s of pernicious anemia
parathesia, forgetfulness, decreased prorioception, dizziness. These symptoms can come at random
Chronic diseases that can cause anemia
RA, Chronic infections, cancers
what happens when you have anemia of renal disease? and how do you treat it?
there is a decrease in erthropoietin and a decrease in RBC. You treat it with epoetin or darbepoetin
Aplastic anemia
bone marrow stops producing enough new blood cells so you don’t have enough RBC, WBC & Platelets
What are you at risk for with Aplastic anemia?
bleeding
What can cause aplastic anemia?
toxic chemicals, drugs, viral infections, autoimmune disorder, bone marrow diseases
what is HR like with aplastic anemia?
increased,, prolonged bleeding,
What do you do to treat aplastic anemia
transfusion, cure: stem cell transplant
Hemolytic Anemia
destruction of RBC
Treatment for acquired hemolytic anemia
steriod therapy, removal of spleen, transfusions
two types of inherited hemolytic anemia
sickle cell & Thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia treatment goal
ease pain during crsis and prevent crisis
If one parent is a carrier of sickle cell and the other parent is not, what will kids be like?
50% of being a carrier or not
If both parents are carriers what will kids be like?
25% it will have the disease or not and 50% it will be a carrier
sickle cell crisis s/s
severe fever which can cause: seizures, ischemia, stroke, MI, HF, kidney or lunge damage
Sickle cell treatment
hydrate, folic acid, oxygen, antibiotics, analgesics,
Hydroxyurea & Nitric Oxide is given when and to whom
sickle cell patients, its a long term medication
What is Thalassemia? s/s
its the over production of iron. s/s: enlarged spleen/liver. Poor prognosis
