Cardiovascular Assessment/ Lab values

Question 1

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

Answer 1

Hard to breath at night when lying down

Question 2

8 Areas of Investigation: “OLD CART”

Answer 2

Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggrevating/Alleviating Factors, Radiation, Timing

Question 3

Hypotension

Answer 3

90/60

Question 4

If you use a small cuff on a fat person, what will that do to their bp?

Answer 4

increase it

Question 5

Does cold increase or decrease BP? fever? Heat?

Answer 5

Cold=Increases B, Fever=Increases BP, Heat=Decreases it

Question 6

BP is typically _____ in AM and ___ in late afternoon/early evening

Answer 6

low in AM and high in late afternoon/early evening

Question 7

Optimal Adult BP

Answer 7

120/80 or under

Question 8

Normal Adult BP 20-40 years

Answer 8

<85

Question 9

High Normal Adult BP

Answer 9

130-139/85-89

Question 10

Stage 1 mild hypertension for Adults

Answer 10

140-159/90-99

Question 11

Stage 2 Moderate hypertension for Adults

Answer 11

160-179/100-109

Question 12

Stage 3 Severe hypertension for Adults

Answer 12

180+/110+

Question 13

Stage 4 Very Severe hypertension for Adults

Answer 13

210+/120+

Question 14

Normal Infant (1 day-11 months) pulse

Answer 14

70-170

Question 15

A weak pulse does what?

Answer 15

Fades in and out

Question 16

Which pulse do you check for a newborn?

Answer 16

Temporal

Question 17

When using a BP cuff on a person’s leg, which pulses can you use?

Answer 17

Pedal or posterior tibial

Question 18

How does fever effect pulse?

Answer 18

the fever increases it

Question 19

Causes of Tachycardia

Answer 19

Anxiety, Anemia, Fever, Nicotine (only during smoking), Caffeine, Dysrythmias, Ceratian meds

Question 20

Meds that cause Tachycardia “FAAST”

Answer 20

Free base cocaine, Anticholinergics (bronchdilators), Antihistamines (allergies), Amphetamines (used for weight gain, ADHD), Sympathomimetics (bronchdilators), heophyline (bronchdilators)

Question 21

Free base cocaine, Anticholinergics (bronchdilators), Antihistamines (allergies), Amphetamines (used for weight gain, ADHD), Sympathomimetics (bronchdilators), heophyline (bronchdilators) cause tachycardia or bradycardia?

Answer 21

tachycardia

Question 22

Hyperthyroid causes tachycardia or bradycardia?

Answer 22

tachycardia

Question 23

Hypoxia causes tachycardia or bradycardia?

Answer 23

tachycardia

Question 24

Hypoglycemia, hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hypocalemia, hypomagnesia all cause tachycardia or bradycardia?

Answer 24

tachycardia

Question 25

What does Late hypoxia cause?

Answer 25

bradycardia

Question 26

Meds that cause bradycardia

Answer 26

Digoxin, Narcotics, Beta Blockers (lopressor), Calcium channel blockers (CCB)

Question 27

What can cause bradycardia?

Answer 27

hypothermia, Increased ICP, MI, Dysrythmias, Hypothyroidism, Hyperkalemia, Hypercalcemia

Question 28

Late hypoxia symptoms "BED"

Answer 28

Bradycardia, Extreme restlessness, Dysnea

Question 29

CHF, overhydration, & kidney cause what?

Answer 29

Jugular distension

Question 30

When check for JVD the patient has to be in what position?

Answer 30

45 degree angle

Question 31

Auscultation sites in order "APE TO MAN"

Answer 31

1.)Aortic 2.)Pulmonic 3.)Erb's point 4.)Tricuspid 5.)MItral

Question 32

Which valves go with the "LUB" sound?

Answer 32

Tricuspid &Mitral valves which are the Atrioventricular Valcues

Question 33

Which valves go with the "DUB" sound?

Answer 33

Aortic & pulmonic which are the Semilunar valves

Question 34

What heart prob will you see with an S3 and who will you see it with

Answer 34

Heart failure, Seen in pregnancy & kids but will go away

Question 35

What heart probs will you see with S4

Answer 35

HTN or heart disease

Question 36

when will you hear S3?

Answer 36

right after "DUB"

Question 37

when will you hear S4?

Answer 37

right after "LUB"

Question 38

Thick nail beds=___; Thin nail beds=__

Answer 38

poor circulation; malnutrition

Question 39

Troponin indicates what?

Answer 39

MI

Question 40

Myoglobin levels can also increase with ___ &____ probs

Answer 40

renal & skeletal muscle probs

Question 41

Myoglobin will increase ____ hrs from the onset of symptoms

Answer 41

1-3 hrs

Question 42

BNP is indicative of what?

Answer 42

heart failure

Question 43

If Homocysteine is high, what does this indcate?

Answer 43

risk for Coronary artery disease (CAD) & Stroke & PVD

Question 44

Normal WBC level

Answer 44

5,000-10,000

Question 45

Normal Hemoglobin level and what is it

Answer 45

M: 14-18; F: 12-16. Hem is related to Iron

Question 46

Normal Hct levels and what is this

Answer 46

M: 40-52% F:37-47% Hct is the % of RBC

Question 47

Normal Ca++ level

Answer 47

8.5-10.5

Question 48

Normal Mg++ Level

Answer 48

1.8-2.7

Question 49

Normal BUN level

Answer 49

8-20

Question 50

Normal Creatine level

Answer 50

M: .6-1.2 F:70-110

Question 51

Normal LDL level; Normal LDL level for DM patient

Answer 51

<70

Question 52

Heparin Antidote

Answer 52

Protamine

Question 53

Protamine is the antidote for what?

Answer 53

Heparin

Question 54

Can you push Heparin?

Answer 54

NO, Dilute Heparin when flushing, always have coworker check

Question 55

Where do you administer Lovenox?

Answer 55

Love handles

Question 56

How long does it take for Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin) to reach therapeutic level?

Answer 56

48-72 hrs

Question 57

Adntidote for Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin)

Answer 57

Vitamin K

Question 58

PT range for Coumadin should be what? Therapeutic range should be what?

Answer 58

12-15 seconds; 24-30 seconds

Question 59

When INR is over 3.0 what will happen?

Answer 59

excessive bleeding

Question 60

Cholesterol level

Answer 60

<200

Question 61

HDL level

Answer 61

>HDL

Question 62

Triglyseride level

Answer 62

<150