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Nursing III > Acid-Base > Flashcards

Acid-Base Flashcards

1
Q

Ph is the concentration of what?

A

H+ concentration

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2
Q

The higher the H+ concentration the more ____ something will be

A

acidic

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3
Q

pH

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

Acids release or accepted H+?

A

release

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5
Q

3 Primary buffer systems

A

Hemoglobin, Plasma Protein, Bicarbonate system

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6
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system

A

maintains balance called chloride shift: exchanges Chloride with HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

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7
Q

Buffer System does what??

A

Prevents major changes in he pH by either accepting or releasing H+. Can start within minutes when there is a problem

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8
Q

Plasma Protein buffer system does what?

A

Works with liver to either attract or release H+

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9
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3+) buffer system does what?

A

maintains blood pH at 7.4 and neutralizes strong acid to weaker one

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10
Q

Carbon dioxide + Water =

A

Carbonic acid H2CO3

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11
Q

If there is an excess of Carbonic Acid (H2CO3), What does our respiratory system do?

A

Reparations increase in order to blow off the excess CO2

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12
Q

Respiratory function & how long does it take to kick in

A

Releases neutralized carbonic acid (H2CO3) in Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Water (H20) and H+ is inactivated & excreted. Takes minutes to days after buffer system

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13
Q

Kidney Function & how long does it take to kick in

A

Makes or reabsorbs bicarbonate (HCO3). Takes Hours to days to kick in after Respiratory system

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14
Q

Which artery is blood taken to test ABG?

A

Radial or ulnar artery most common. Requires specialized training (Resp therapy, RN, or lab tech)

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15
Q

How long do you have to put pressure on site after blood is taken from artery for ABG test?

A

Hold pressure on site for at least 5-10 minutes (or longer if they are on Coumadin)

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16
Q

Allen Test

A

Determines the circulation from arteries to hand. If circulation is bad, do other hand. If both are bad pick the best one. This is done before blood is drawn

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17
Q

PCO2 normal levels

A

35-45

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18
Q

HCO3

A

22-26

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19
Q

PO2

A

80-100

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20
Q

PO2 function

A

to see if the blood has enough oxygen for cellular function. Only used for respiratory function

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21
Q

CO2 function

A

measures respiratory effectiveness. If resp is working, CO2 will be between 35-45

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22
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increase in CO2 >45

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23
Q

Hypoxia

A

O2 level <80

24
Q

Low HCO3, low pH =

A

Metabolic acidosis

25
High HCO3, High pH =
Metabolic Alkalosis
26
High CO2, low pH =
Respiratory Acidosis
27
Low CO2, high pH =
Respiratory Alkalosis
28
pH <6.8=
death
29
pH>7.46 =
death
30
Main causes of Respiratory alkalosis
Hyperventilation
31
If pH, CO2 & HCO3 are all messed up, it means it is a _____ compensation
partial
32
Whenever pH is normal, it means it is a ____ compensation
full
33
Things that lead to Metabolic acidosis
Lactic acid (tissue hypoxia), Acute/chronic renal failure, ASA poisoning, severe diarrhea, abdominal fluid loss, diabetics, starvation, alcoholism, diuretics, loss of HCO3
34
metabolic nursing diagnosis for metabolic acidosis
Decreased cardiac output, Risk for excess fluid volume, risk for injury
35
Metabolic acidosis testing
ABG, Electrolytes. ECG
36
Metabolic acidosis Treatment
Treat underlying cause, NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) may be administered
37
What are you looking for when a patient has metabolic acidosis?
looking for a decrease in HCO3
38
Acidosis s/s
Headache, lethargy, N/V, abdominal pain, LOC changes, Cardiac changes, Respirations increase (Kussmaul Respirations), hyperkalemia,
39
Electrolytes will be high or low with metabolic acidosis?
high, CNS depressed
40
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
Hospitalization, hypokalemia, overuse of certain antacids, chronic use of diuretics, NG suction
41
s/s of metabolic alkalosis
low calcium, numbness, tingling, dizziness, confusion decreased in LOC, hyperflexia, tetany, decreased BP, seizures, respiratory failure
42
Diagnostic tests for metabolic alkalosis
urine chloride levels
43
Treatment for metabolic alkalosis
Restore fluid volume KCL, NACL solution
44
Electrolytes will be high or low with metabolic alkalosis
low, CNS stimulated
45
Causes of Respiratory acidosis
Acute/chronic disease, neuromuscular disease, chest trauma, anything that interferes with respiration
46
<70% oxygen saturation =
life threatening
47
<85% oxygen saturation =
hypoxia
48
Pulse oximetry
saturation of oxygen on each red blood cell
49
s/s of acute respiratory acidosis
headache, altered mental status, decreased LOC, increased intracranial pressure, cardiac arrest, increased RR or pulse
50
s/s of chronic respiratory acidosis
weakness, dull headache, sleep disturbances (sleep apnea), impaired memory
51
Treatment for respiratory acidosis
Bronchodilators, resp. support, adequate hydration,
52
Nursing diagnosis for respiratory acidosis
Impaired gas exchange, ineffective airway clearance
53
nursing diagnosis for respiratory alkalosis
ineffective breathing pattern
54
s/s for respiratory alkalosis
dizziess, numbness/tingling of the mouth, palpatations, chest tightness, tetant, tremors, seizures, LOC
55
Treatment for respiratory alkalosis
medications-sedatives, adjust ventilator setting (rate may be too high), treat underlying cause
56
Arterial lines are used for:
continuous monitoring of BP, measures SBP, DBP, MAP (mean arterial pressure), access for ABGs & other blood draws
57
Where are Arterial lines usually located & what are you looking for?
artery (radial), sutured in, occlusive dressing, check for hematoma (swelling of blood), circulation, neuro status below site

Nursing III (25 decks)

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