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Nursing III > Acid-Base > Flashcards

Acid-Base Flashcards

1
Q

Ph is the concentration of what?

A

H+ concentration

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2
Q

The higher the H+ concentration the more ____ something will be

A

acidic

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3
Q

pH

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

Acids release or accepted H+?

A

release

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5
Q

3 Primary buffer systems

A

Hemoglobin, Plasma Protein, Bicarbonate system

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6
Q

Hemoglobin buffer system

A

maintains balance called chloride shift: exchanges Chloride with HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

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7
Q

Buffer System does what??

A

Prevents major changes in he pH by either accepting or releasing H+. Can start within minutes when there is a problem

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8
Q

Plasma Protein buffer system does what?

A

Works with liver to either attract or release H+

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9
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3+) buffer system does what?

A

maintains blood pH at 7.4 and neutralizes strong acid to weaker one

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10
Q

Carbon dioxide + Water =

A

Carbonic acid H2CO3

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11
Q

If there is an excess of Carbonic Acid (H2CO3), What does our respiratory system do?

A

Reparations increase in order to blow off the excess CO2

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12
Q

Respiratory function & how long does it take to kick in

A

Releases neutralized carbonic acid (H2CO3) in Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Water (H20) and H+ is inactivated & excreted. Takes minutes to days after buffer system

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13
Q

Kidney Function & how long does it take to kick in

A

Makes or reabsorbs bicarbonate (HCO3). Takes Hours to days to kick in after Respiratory system

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14
Q

Which artery is blood taken to test ABG?

A

Radial or ulnar artery most common. Requires specialized training (Resp therapy, RN, or lab tech)

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15
Q

How long do you have to put pressure on site after blood is taken from artery for ABG test?

A

Hold pressure on site for at least 5-10 minutes (or longer if they are on Coumadin)

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16
Q

Allen Test

A

Determines the circulation from arteries to hand. If circulation is bad, do other hand. If both are bad pick the best one. This is done before blood is drawn

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17
Q

PCO2 normal levels

A

35-45

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18
Q

HCO3

A

22-26

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19
Q

PO2

A

80-100

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20
Q

PO2 function

A

to see if the blood has enough oxygen for cellular function. Only used for respiratory function

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21
Q

CO2 function

A

measures respiratory effectiveness. If resp is working, CO2 will be between 35-45

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22
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increase in CO2 >45

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23
Q

Hypoxia

A

O2 level <80

24
Q

Low HCO3, low pH =

A

Metabolic acidosis

25
Q

High HCO3, High pH =

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

26
Q

High CO2, low pH =

A

Respiratory Acidosis

27
Q

Low CO2, high pH =

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

28
Q

pH <6.8=

29
Q

pH>7.46 =

30
Q

Main causes of Respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation

31
Q

If pH, CO2 & HCO3 are all messed up, it means it is a _____ compensation

32
Q

Whenever pH is normal, it means it is a ____ compensation

33
Q

Things that lead to Metabolic acidosis

A

Lactic acid (tissue hypoxia), Acute/chronic renal failure, ASA poisoning, severe diarrhea, abdominal fluid loss, diabetics, starvation, alcoholism, diuretics, loss of HCO3

34
Q

metabolic nursing diagnosis for metabolic acidosis

A

Decreased cardiac output, Risk for excess fluid volume, risk for injury

35
Q

Metabolic acidosis testing

A

ABG, Electrolytes. ECG

36
Q

Metabolic acidosis Treatment

A

Treat underlying cause, NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate) may be administered

37
Q

What are you looking for when a patient has metabolic acidosis?

A

looking for a decrease in HCO3

38
Q

Acidosis s/s

A

Headache, lethargy, N/V, abdominal pain, LOC changes, Cardiac changes, Respirations increase (Kussmaul Respirations), hyperkalemia,

39
Q

Electrolytes will be high or low with metabolic acidosis?

A

high, CNS depressed

40
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Hospitalization, hypokalemia, overuse of certain antacids, chronic use of diuretics, NG suction

41
Q

s/s of metabolic alkalosis

A

low calcium, numbness, tingling, dizziness, confusion decreased in LOC, hyperflexia, tetany, decreased BP, seizures, respiratory failure

42
Q

Diagnostic tests for metabolic alkalosis

A

urine chloride levels

43
Q

Treatment for metabolic alkalosis

A

Restore fluid volume KCL, NACL solution

44
Q

Electrolytes will be high or low with metabolic alkalosis

A

low, CNS stimulated

45
Q

Causes of Respiratory acidosis

A

Acute/chronic disease, neuromuscular disease, chest trauma, anything that interferes with respiration

46
Q

<70% oxygen saturation =

A

life threatening

47
Q

<85% oxygen saturation =

48
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

saturation of oxygen on each red blood cell

49
Q

s/s of acute respiratory acidosis

A

headache, altered mental status, decreased LOC, increased intracranial pressure, cardiac arrest, increased RR or pulse

50
Q

s/s of chronic respiratory acidosis

A

weakness, dull headache, sleep disturbances (sleep apnea), impaired memory

51
Q

Treatment for respiratory acidosis

A

Bronchodilators, resp. support, adequate hydration,

52
Q

Nursing diagnosis for respiratory acidosis

A

Impaired gas exchange, ineffective airway clearance

53
Q

nursing diagnosis for respiratory alkalosis

A

ineffective breathing pattern

54
Q

s/s for respiratory alkalosis

A

dizziess, numbness/tingling of the mouth, palpatations, chest tightness, tetant, tremors, seizures, LOC

55
Q

Treatment for respiratory alkalosis

A

medications-sedatives, adjust ventilator setting (rate may be too high), treat underlying cause

56
Q

Arterial lines are used for:

A

continuous monitoring of BP, measures SBP, DBP, MAP (mean arterial pressure), access for ABGs & other blood draws

57
Q

Where are Arterial lines usually located & what are you looking for?

A

artery (radial), sutured in, occlusive dressing, check for hematoma (swelling of blood), circulation, neuro status below site

Nursing III (25 decks)

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