Hypertension Flashcards
Erythropoietin
replacement that increases RBC production. We give this to patients with severe anemia.
Amphetamines, cocaine, binge drinking, corticosteroidsoids, Estrogen, Decongestants, MOA inhibitors increase or decrease your bp?
increase
Difference between risk group A, B, C
1: No risk factors 2: has at least one risk factor; not including DM 3: Target organ damage/clinical cardiovascular disease and/or DM
if patient has stage 1 bp (140-159/90-99), what treatment options are there for risk group A, B, C?
1: lifestyle changes for 1 year to see if that helps 2: lifestyle changes for 6 months to see if that helps 3: drug therapy
If patient has stage 2 or 3 bp (160+/100+), what treatment options are there for risk group A, B, C?
1: Drug therapy 2: Drug therapy 3: Drug therapy
Clinical manifestations of HTN
Tinnitus, HA, Morning HA, Dizziness
Papilledema
Target organ damage
Type of antihypertensive med for Black people
Thiazide-type diuretic or CCB or ACE I or ARB
HTN Diet, What do you decrease, increase & limit?
Decrease in fat, sodium, sugar. Increase in Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium Limit Alcohol
DASH Diet: Grains & grain products consist of?
Carbs & fiber
DASH Diet: Vegetable & Fruits consist of?
Potassium, magnesium & fiber
DASH Diet: Low-Fat/Fat free milk products consist of?
Calcium, protein, potassium & magnesium
DASH Diet: Meats, poultry & Fish products consist of?
Protein & magnesium
DASH Diet: Nuts, seeds & beans products consist of?
Magnesium, potassium, protein & fiber
If male >65 yr old patient is trying to control his HTN, how many drinks should he have? <65? Women at any age?
1 drink a day; 2 drinks a day; 1 drink a day
Side effect of ALL antihypertensive meds?
hypotension. Don’t stand still for extended periods of time. Get OOB slowly
5 main antihypertensive drugs
Thiazide Diuretics, BB, ACE inhibitors, CCB, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)
Pharmacological management of HTN?
start with one antihypertensive at a low dose, If that doesn’t work increase dose or add a 2nd, if that doesn’t work then increase dose if that’s not effective then add another med.
Why are ACE inhibitors the med of choice for diabetics?
because they delay the progression to end-stage renal disease
ACE inhibitors end in?
pril
Vasotec (enalapril), Zestril (lisinopril), Accupril (quinapril), Quinapril (accupril), Altace (ramipril) are what type of antihypertensive
Ace inhibitors
Ace inhibitor side effects
a chronic dry couch which require stopping of drug, taste alterations, dizziness, skin rashes, Angioedema, sleep problems, tachycardia, hyperkalemia ( SO WATCH K+ LEVELS!)
ARBS do what to arteries?
dilates them