NBS II Radiology Flashcards
Line of mensuration: From the hard palate to the posterior foramen magnum (opisthion)
Chamberlein’s
(Basilar Invagination) if odontoid is >7mm above this line.
Line of mensuration: From the hard palate to the base of occiput
McGreggor’s - most accurate for basilar invagination
(Basilar invagination) if >8mm in male and >10 mm in female
Line of mensuration: From nasion to the sella to foramen magnum (Line is drawn from nasion to center of sella, and a line is drawn from basion(ant f.magnum ) to sella)
Martin’s Basilar Angle
Arnold Chiari, Platysbasia if angle is > 152
Line of mensuration: From anterior foramen magnum (basion) to posterior foramen magnum (opisthion)
McRae’s Line
If the occipital bone is above this line, this indicates basilar impression
Line of mensuration: Jackson’s Stress Line
Posterior body of C2 - Post body of C7
Flexion should intersect at C5/6
Extension should intersect at C4/5
Line of mensuration: Spinolaminar Line
Anterior aspect of SP’s (post spinal canal)
Line of mensuration: George’s Line
Post aspect of body (ant spinal canal) upper cervical: 22 cervical: 12 Lumbar: 15 Discontinues line may indicate AP vertebral malposition
Line of mensuration: EISSENSTEIN’S (Sagittal Canal Measurement)
Line drawn to connect the tips of superior and inferior articular processes. Distance to posterior body margin at midpoint is measured. (<15 mm is spinal canal stenosis)
Canal’s body ratio (2:1 good 4:1 bad)
Line of mensuration: to measure facet lines (3)
MCNAB line - facet imbrication
Van Akkerveeken’s - hyperextension prediction
Hadley’s S curve (alignment)
Line of mensuration: McNab
A parallel line is drawn accross the inferior endplate.
If the line intersects with the superior articular process of the vertebra below, extension malposition is suspected (hyperlordosis)
Line of mensuration: Ferguson’s line (lumbar gravity line)
Anterior
From the body of L3
Anterior sacrum line - Hyperlordosis, increase shearing
Anterior weight bearing
Line of mensuration: Ferguson’s line (lumbar gravity line) Posterior
Posterior sacrum line - Hypolorosis, Increase weight on sacrum
Posterior weight bearing
Line of mensuration: Lumbosacral angle (AKA Ferguson Angle AKA Sacral Base Angle)
Oblique line drawn through and parallel to the sacral base. Horizontal line parallel to the bottom edge of the film.
< 35 - 45 degrees (40 +-15)
Line of mensuration: SALTER Harris
I Plate II Plate, Meta III Plate, Epi IV Oblique (plate, meta, epi) V Compression
Line of mensuration: Scoliosis protocol for care
0-20 = adjust
20-40 = brace
>40 = surgery
> 50= cardiopulmonary compromise
Line of mensuration: KOHLER’s
Line is drawn along the pelvic inlet to the outer aspect of the obturator foramen. Acetabular protrusion (Walstrum teardrop) Bilateral = Paget, RA Unilateral = Infection, OA
Line of mensuration: Klein’s
Line drawn along the outer margin of the femoral neck.
SCFE
Line of mensuration: Skinner’s
A line is drawn through and parallel to the femoral shaft. A perpendicular line is drawn tangential to the tip of greater trochanter.
Paget
The fovea capitus should lie above or at the level of the trochanter line. If below, indicates fracture or coxa vara.
Line of mensuration: Femoral angle (AKA McKulicz)
Two lines are drawn through and parallel to the mid axis of the femoral shaft and neck.
Coxa Vara < 120
Coxa Valgus > 130
Line of mensuration: Boehler’s angle
<20 - calcaneal fracture
>20 - 40 = normal
KVP controls …. whereas MaS controls ….
contrast
density
Low Kvp
Hight contrast
Few shades, LOW SCALE
Hight Kvp
Low contrast
Tons of shades, HIGH SCALE
To increase detail, how to alter FFD, OFD, screen, focal spot
Increase FFD, decrease OFD
Small crystals screen
small focal spot
Spondylolisthesis is MC in
L5
Spondylolisthesis I
Dysplastic - Congenital abnormality
Spondylolisthesis II
Isthmic pars alteration
Spondylolisthesis III
Degenerative (L4 MC)
Spondylolisthesis IV
Traumatic - fracture other than pars
Spondylolisthesis V
Pathological - associated with disease
Spondylolisthesis VI
Latrogenic - treatment induced
Spondylolisthesis VII
Pending - developing stress fracture (MRI needed)
Treatment of Spondylolisthesis
I&II adjust
III Maybe
IV no
Treatment of Spondylolisthesis
I&II adjust
III Maybe
IV no
Mesuration: Retropharyngeal, RetroLaryngeal, Retrotracheal
Retropharyngeal < 7
RetroLaryngeal < 14
Retrotracheal <22 (C6 cricoid)
Mensuration: ADI
<5 child
<3 adult
Mensuration: CORACOCLAVICULAR
Normal = 4-5
Sprain 6-8
Separation >9
Mensuration: Glenohumeral
4 mm DJD, CPPD
>5 mm post dislocation
Mensuration: Acromiohumeral
Normal 7-11
LAO = RPO
Cervicals: Left IVF
Lumbar: Right pars
SI joint : Left
Line of mensuration: Meyerding’s grading (“Slipping Grading”)
Sacral base is divided into quarters and the relative position of the posterior inferior aspect of L5 is made
Meyerding’s grading is used to determine the degree of…
Anterolistheis
number back to from 1,2,..
Line of mensuration: Ulman’s Line (Garland Thomas Line)
Line drawn parallel and through the sacral base. Perpendicular line drawn from the sacral promontory.
L5 beyond perpendicular line is Spondy
Line of mensuration: Cobb’s Method of Scoliosis Evaluation
Locate superior and inferior extremes of scoliosis. Draw a parallel line through the superior end plate of superior most and through inferior end plate of inferior most. Intersecting perpendicular lines are drawn and the angle is measured
Which method is prefer for scoliosis Cobb/ Risser?
Cobb’s
Line of mensuration: Shenton’s Line
A smooth curvilinear line is drawn along the inferior femoral neck to the superior aspect of obturator foramen.
Interrupted discontinuous line indicates dislocation, neck fracture, SCFE
Lines for SCFE
Shenton’s
Iliofemoral line
Klein’s (Best)
