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*Part II Supplemental > General diagnosis (tongue, nose, nail, ear, lung, heart) > Flashcards

General diagnosis (tongue, nose, nail, ear, lung, heart) Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of connection between sternum and ribs, worsen with physical activity and increased pain while taking a deep breath.

A

Costochondritis

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2
Q

Palpable tenderness with constochondritis located at…

A

3rd, 4th, 5th costosternal articulation

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3
Q

Costonchondritis is similar to what condition and what is the difference?

A

Tietze Syndrome which affects only one articulation and radiates path.

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4
Q

Painful rash following the course of dermatome which is usually a single nerve.

A

Herpes zoster

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5
Q

Herpes zoster primarily involves…

A

DRG and CN V

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6
Q

Is a disiease which is abnormal collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) form as a nodules and most often appears in lungs or lymph nodes

A

Sarcoidosis

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7
Q

Sarcoidosis most often seen in what population?

A

African American

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8
Q

Cancer of the lymphatic system that can spread to the spleen, presents with fever, night sweats, weight loss, INTENSE pruritis, release IgE, enlarged spleen

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

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9
Q

Hodgkin is best diagnosed with

A

tissue biopsy

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10
Q

Hodgkin is MC in

A

young caucasian male

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11
Q

Chronic, progressive and frequently fatal genetic disease of the body’s mucous glands. The glands produce or secrete body’s mucous glands. Thick accumulation of mucous in the intestines and lungs.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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12
Q

Loss of excessive amount of salt and cause PANCREATIC Insuffieciency

A

Cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

Destruction of elastic pulmonary connective tissue causing permanent dilation of alveoli sac.

A

Emphysema

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14
Q

Deficiency in Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

A

Emphysema

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15
Q

Emphysema fremitus etc

A

Decrease fremitus
Hyper resonant
Wheezing

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16
Q

Primary malignant lung tumor starting in BRONCHUS

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma

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17
Q

Consolidation of the lung, rusty brown color sputum, cough for around 10 days and fever

A

Lobar Pneumonia

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18
Q

Silouette Sign & Air Bronchogram

A

Lobar Pneumonia

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19
Q

Ghon’s lesion

A

TB

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20
Q

Most definitive test for TB

A

Sputum culture

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21
Q

Mantoux/ Tine Test, Purified protein derivative

A

TB

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22
Q

Decrease Fremitus

A

Air - Emphysema, Pneumothorax

Atelectasis, Pleurisy

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23
Q

Increase Fremitus

A

Pneumonia

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24
Q

Hyperresonant

A

Air - Emphysema, pneumothorax

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25
Q

Hypo-resonant

A

Pneumonia

Atelectasis

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26
Q

Red jelly sputum, immuno compromised or old age

A

Klabsiella, Friedlander’s Pneumonia

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27
Q

Caused by yeast or fungus, AIDS

A

Pneumocystis carinii

CMV is also in AIDS

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28
Q

Inflmmation of the pleura producing an exudative pleural effusion

A

Pleurisy

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29
Q

Patient presents with stabbing chest pain WORSENED with respiration. DRY COUGH

A

Pleurisy

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30
Q

Worsen with physical activity and pain increase while taking deep breath

A

Costochondritis

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31
Q

Positive Schepelmann

A

Pleurisy

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32
Q

Decreased chest expansion and can occur in young previously healthy individual. Ruptured lung causing air to be trapped in pleural space

A

Pneumothorax

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33
Q

Collapsed lung d/t BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION due to mucous plug

A

Atelectasis

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34
Q

Irreversible focal bronchial dilation that presents with chronic productive cough

A

Bronchiectasis

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35
Q

Bronchospasm constricting airways, Type I Hyper sensitivity,

A

ASthma

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36
Q

Increased IgE and Eosinophils

A

Asthma

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37
Q

Charcot laden crystals

Labs: Curshman spirals

38
Q

Quick, shallow inspiration followed by irregular period of apnea (no pattern)

39
Q

Alternating period of Apnea and Hyperpnea. Respiratory acidosis

A

Cheyne Stoke

40
Q

AKA Air hunger breathing

41
Q

First breathing is quick and shallow but as METABOLIC ACIDOSIS worsen in becomes slow, deep, and labored

42
Q

Spoon nail

A

Koilonychia

43
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A

Koilonychia

44
Q

Nail base angle more than 180 degree. Early hypoxia, late COPD

45
Q

Inflammation of nails near cuticle

46
Q

Transverse ridging, ACUTE SEVERE DISEASE

A

Beau’s line

47
Q

Subacute bacterial endocarditis, strep organism (NAIL)

A

Splinter hemorrhage

48
Q

Nail associated with unguinal and psoriasis

A

Pitted nail

49
Q

Tounge condition associated with deficiency of Iron and B12

A

Atrophic Glossitits

50
Q

Periorbital edema
Macroglossia
Loss of lateral 1/3 eyebrows

A

Myxedema/ Hypothyroidism

51
Q

Decreased TSH, Increase T3 and T4

A

HYPOthyroidism

52
Q

Disorder characterized by prostating vertigo, sensory hearing loss, tinnitus, feeling fullness in the ear

A

Menierre’s

53
Q

Noemal hearing Rinne air conduction vs bone conduction

A

AC > BC + Rinne

54
Q

Conduction hearing loss Weber and Rinne

A

Weber lateralized to side involved

Rine AC

55
Q

Sensory hearing loss Weber Rinne

A

Webter lateralized to side UNinvolved

Rinne AC> BC with less time in bad ear

56
Q

Result from unresolved otitis media, effusion in the ear, and ruptured E. tube. It is chronic and fluid is amber with bubbles

A

Serous otitis media

57
Q

Jugular venous pulsation measures which sides of the heart?

58
Q

Jugular venous pulsation can be made more pronounded when CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE is present, by….

A

Applying pressure in the liver (hepatojugular reflex)

59
Q

“bounding” pulse, increased cardiac output, exercise, anxiety, fever, HYPERthyroidism

A

Pulsus magnus

60
Q

Weak thready pulse, decreased stroke volume, HYPOovelemia, AORTIC STENOSIS, CHF

A

Pulsus Parvus

61
Q

Pulse that alternates in amplitudes, LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE

A

Pulsus Alternans

62
Q

Two strong systolic peaks separated by mid systolic dip. Best felt at carotid artery)

A

Pulsus Bisferiens

63
Q

Pulsus Bisferiens indicates what condition

A

Aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis

64
Q

Pulse with Decreased amplitude on inspiration, increased on expiration (>10 mmHg amplitude change)

A

Pulsus Paradoxus

65
Q

Pulsus paradoxus is present on what condition

A

COPD
Emphysema
Bronchial asthma
Pericardial effusion

66
Q

A jerky pulse that is rapidly increasing and then collapsing because of aortic insuffiency

A

Water hammer pulse

67
Q

Systole

A

When ventricles contract

68
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricles rest and they are filling

69
Q

Closure of AV (mitral and tricuspid) valves

70
Q

AV valves

A

Mitral

Tricuspid

71
Q

Closure of semilunar valves

72
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Pulmonic

Aortic

73
Q

Ventricular gallop

74
Q

Normal in children, young adults, and athletes. In more than 40 years old, it is an early sign of CHF

A

S3 (ventricular gallop)

75
Q

Similar to S3 and is related to stiffness or the ventricular myocardium to rapid filling

A

Atrial gallop or S4

76
Q

Right sternal border at 2nd intercostal space. Best auscultated with patient leaning forward and exhaling

A

Aortic valve

77
Q

Left sternal border and 2nd intercostal space

A

Pulmonic Valve

78
Q

2nd intercostal space auscultation

A

Right: Aortic
Left: Pumonic
(semilunar valves)

79
Q

Left sternal border at 3rd intercostal space

A

Erb’s Point

80
Q

LEFT sternal border at 4th or 5th intercostal space

81
Q

MID-CLAVICULAR line at 5th intercostal space.

A

Mitral valve

82
Q

5th intercostal auscultation

A

Left: Tricuspid (between 4th and 5th)
middle: Mitral

(AV Valves)

83
Q

Mitral valve best auscultated in what position?

A

Left lateral decubitus

84
Q

Valve has trouble opening and blood swirls through a narrow opening. This murmur has a LOW PITCH and is best heard with the bell of stethoscope

85
Q

Valve is insufficient and blood seeps or squirts back into the chamber. This murmur is HIGH PITCH and best heard with diaphragm of stethoscope

A

Regurgitation

86
Q

Mnemonic for heart murmurs is ARMS&PRTS which occurs in DIASTOLE

A

Aortic Regurgitation
Mitral Stenosis
Pulmonic Regurgitation
Tricuspid Stenosis

87
Q

Congenital heart defect with failure of shunt to close between aorta and left pulmonary artery creating a continuous machinery like murmur than can be heard in both phases of heart cycle

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

88
Q

Congenital heart defect with

  • dextraposition or overriding or the aorta
  • right ventricular hypertrophy
  • interventricular septal defect
  • pulmonic stenosis

Which creates a loud ejection murmur during systole and severe cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

89
Q

Congenital heart defect with proximal stenosis of subclavian artery. Seen in younger females who faint (syncope/ drop attacks) while exercising

A

Subclavian steal Syndrome

90
Q

Subclavian steal syndrome is associated with what low pitched sound

*Part II Supplemental (28 decks)

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