Central Nervous System Flashcards
Sensory and motor interpretation, language, stroke (CVA), Cerebral Palsy, Alcoholism, Alzheimers, Tumor
Cerebrum
Balance, coordination, dysmetria (past pointing), dyssinergia (lack of coordination), diadochokinesia (rapid alternating movement), tandem gait, MS, Alcoholism and a form of cerebral palsy
Cerebellum
Two point discrimination, vibration, and joint position sense
MS
Tabes DOrsalis, Leprosy
Posterior COlumn
Voluntary Motor, Flexor of the hands and feet, UMNL
Corticospinal (Pyramidal)
Pain and temperature
Syringomyelia
Lateral Spinothalamic
Crude light touch
Anterior Spinothalamic
Balance reflexes and postural muscles.
Benign positional vertigo
Labyrinthitis
Vestibulospinal
Muscle tone and synergy to proximal flexors of the extremities
Rubrospinal
Muscle tone and synergy to voluntary extensor muscles
Reticulospinal
Crosses at medullary pyramids and travels to the flexors of extremities
Lateral corticospinal
Crosses at the segmental level and then to flexor of the trunk. UMNL
Ventral corticospinal
Pathological longitudinal cyst of the central canal of the spinal cord. Fluid filling cavities expand in adult years, congenital weakening usually at C5-6 level
Syringomyelia
Loss of sense of pain and temperature over the shoulders and back in CAPE LIKE DISTRIBUTION
Syringomyelia
Demyelination of the CNS (oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelination in CNS) producing demyelination of the spinal cord and later the brain. Both motor and sensory tracts are affected.
MS
MS MC seen in ….
Females age 20-40
Periods of exacerbation of pain. Worse when moving from cold to wam climate
MS
MS best diagnosed with what imaging
MRI
Intention tremor, Charcot’s triad, Scanning speech, Nystagmus. Associated with?
MS
Diplopia, Scotoma, transient blindness, Optic neuritis, pain, vertigo, UMNL in legs and causing distal weakness.
MS
MS positive ortho test
+ Lhermitte
Myastenia gravis MC demographic
Female age 20-40 (same as MS)
Autoimmune disease in which the body makes antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors. Myoneural junction dysfunction. Weakness in CN then Proximal muscle affected.
Myasthenia Gravis
Early signs of Myasthenia Gravis
Ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, fatigue of muscles especially following exercise.
Muscle weakness varies during the day but worse at the end of the day.
Myasthenia Gravis is diagnosed with….treated with….
Tensilon test
Cholinesterase inhibiting drugs
Affects the corticospinal tracts and anterior horn. Usually begins in the hands and feet and life expectancy is short.
ALS (Lou gehrig’s disease)
ALS MC demographic
Male older than 40
Fasciculations are present as well as spasticity and increased DTR.
LMNL in arms and UMNL in legs
ALS
ALS ddx
Lateral canal stenosis
Degeneration of the posterior column and the corticospinal tract as results of B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia). Neurological symptoms are irreversible
Posterolateral sclerosis (PLS)
PLS AKA
Combined system disease
+ Schilling test
PLS
Glove and stocking paresthesia
PLS
A hermisection (partially severed) spinal cord usually caused by injury
Brown Sequard
Ipsilateral loss of motor function and dorsal column (proprioception) with contra lateral loss of pain and temperature
Brown sequard
A non progressive motor disorder of the cerebral cortex due to anoxia to the brain prenatally or during birth trauma
Cerebral palsy
SCISSOR GAIT, spastic paralysis, athetoid (MC) and choreiform movements, normal intelligent level
Cerebral palsy
A chronic progressive condition associated with loss of dopamine in the substantial nigra causing basal ganglionic dysfunction. Extrapyramidal tract involvement with gradual onset over the age of 50
Parkinson’s disease AKA Paralysis agitans
Resting tremors, mask like face, festinating gait, cogwheel lead pipe rigidity, forward stooped posture, bradykinesia
Parkinson’s disease
