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*Part II Supplemental > NBS General DIagnosis > Flashcards

NBS General DIagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior Pituitary - Decreased ADH (Vasopressin)

A

Diabetes insipidus (polydypsia, polyuria)

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2
Q

Adrenal Cortex - Decrease adrenocorticoids

A

Addison’s disease - BRONZE skin, weight loss, hypotension

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3
Q

Adrenal Cortex - Increase adrenocorticoids (ACTH)

A

Cushing’s - weight gain, HTN, buffalo hump, hirsutism, moon face

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4
Q

Cushings AKA

A

Hypercortisolism, hyperadrenocorticism

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5
Q

What hormones are increased in Cushings disease

A

Cortisol (sweet), Aldosterone (salty), Steroids (- cause hirsutism)

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6
Q

Increase Parathormone, MC is Primary

A

Post menopause female, Hypercalcemia, excessive bone resorption

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7
Q

Secondary increase parathormone – RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY

A

Kidney disease causes feedback malfunction, chronic parathyroid function, Hypercalcemia, bone resorption, calcified vessels.

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8
Q

Decrease T3/T4 – Thyroid or ANT PIT

A

Myxedema - usually autoimmune (decrease t3,t4 and increase TSH

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9
Q

Cretinism

A

Hypothyroidism, Child, Congenital, Mental deficit, female (3:1)

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10
Q

Graves

A

Hyperthyroidism, MC autoimmune

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11
Q

Graves is associated with what condition?

A

DM
Pernicious anemia
Collagen disease

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12
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Adult - osteomalacia

Child - Rickets

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13
Q

Hypophosphatemia AKA

A

Hypercalcemia

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14
Q

Cause of Hypercalcemia

A
  • Hyperparathyroidism
  • Bone ca (1&2)
  • Hyperthyroidism (parafollicular cell increase osteoclast activity)
  • Adsons, excessive fracture
  • Diurectics, respiratory acidosis
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15
Q

Cuase of Hypocalcemia (Hyperphosphatemia)

A
  • Hypovitaminosis D - Bone softening

- Hypoparathyroidism - Alkalosis, PANCREATITIS, diarrhea

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16
Q

Young RBC is called….

A

Reticulocyte

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17
Q

RBC life span

A

120 days

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18
Q

RBC component

A

MCV - size - 90
MCH - color - 30
MCHC - color - 30

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19
Q

Plateletes - Thrombocytes number

A

150,000 - 400,000

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20
Q

WBC number and life span

A

5k-10k

Life span is 15-30 days

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21
Q

WBC for chronic infection

A

Monocytes

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22
Q

WBC for allergies

A

Eosinophil

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23
Q

WBC for heavy metal/ polycythemia

A

Basophil

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24
Q

MC ca in children, age 3-5 progress rapidly, affects immature blood cell

A

Acute Lymphoblastic

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25
Q

AKA Acute myelogenous, Rapid cancer, affects myeloid WBC, MC leukemia in adults

A

Acute non lymphoblastic

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26
Q

Slow, uncommon adult form of Leukemia with PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME

A

Chronic Myelogenous

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27
Q

Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia; Problem, cause

A

Problem: RBC maturation, Reticulocytosis
Increase MCV
Cause: Poor uptake of B12, B9 deficiency - neural tube effect
Ferritin: Normal

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28
Q

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia; Problem, cause

A

Problem: RBC loss
Decrease MCV, MCH
Cause; Iron deficiency, chronic hemorrhage (GI/bone disorder depletes iron stores)
Ferritin: Decrease

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29
Q

Which anemia is common in female during child bearing years?

A

Microcythic Hypochromic - Iron deficiency anemia

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30
Q

Hb disease, decrease MCH & MCV

A

Thalassemia (Mediteranian and European)
Sickle Cell
Ferritin: Normal

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31
Q

Thalassemia minor

A

Increase RBC

Hereditary

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32
Q

Thalassemia major aka

A

Cooley’s anemia

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33
Q

AVN of femoral head - crescent shaped associated with

A

Sickle cell

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34
Q

Urine: indicates inflammation, lesion, ulceration in lower tract

A

Dark red

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35
Q

Upper tract lesion

A

Smoky

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36
Q

Indicates stagnation of blood, fat & mucus, or weakness in the blood leading to such condition as anemia

A

White

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37
Q

Indicates disorder of liver or GB resulting in excess bile secretion.
Deposits of animal fats especially in the middle organs and possible inflammation

A

Yellow

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38
Q

Orange urine

A

B vitamins

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39
Q

Black urine

A

Ochronosis
End stage Malaria
Lead poisoning

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40
Q

URINANALYSIS: Specific gravity

A

Increase in DM

Decrease in Diabetes Insipidus

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41
Q

URINANALYSIS: Protein

A 
Nephron disease 
Multiple Myeloma (BENCE JONES) and Muscular Dystrophy
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42
Q

URINANALYSIS: Glucose

A

Diabetes Melitus

Shock

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43
Q

URINANALYSIS: Ketone

A

DM

Starvation

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44
Q

URINANALYSIS: Blood

A

Trauma, infection, stone

Painless hematuria: Cancer

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45
Q

URINANALYSIS: Bilirubin

A

Indirect = bilirubin

Direct + bacteria = Urobilinogen

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46
Q

URINANALYSIS: PUS

A

Bladder, urethra usually

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47
Q

URINANALYSIS: Cast

A

Upper tract = descending = Strep

Lower tract = ascending = E.Coli, Chlamydia

48
Q

URINANALYSIS: Schilling’s test

A

B12 24 hour urine test

49
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgG

A

Chronic, 85%
2nd to fight bacteria, fungi, toxins
Mom protects baby IN UTERO

50
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgA

A

5-10 %
Mucosal lining, GI, Lungs
Mom protects baby thru milk (Collustrum)

51
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgM

A

Acute, 5-10 %

1st to fight

52
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgE

A

Small amount

Hypersensitivity (allergies) - also Eosinophil, defense

53
Q

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgD

54
Q

STOOL: Clay color

A

Biliary obstruction

55
Q

STOOL: Tarry color

A

Iron or blood

56
Q

STOOL: Fat

A

Steatorrhea - GB or Pancreas Malabsorption

57
Q

STOOL: Blood Frank

58
Q

STOOL: Blood Occult

A

Upper GI (GUIAIAC)

59
Q

STOOL: Culture

60
Q

LAB VALUES: ACPA (anti-citrulinate protein antibody)

A

RA - confirms and denotes severity

61
Q

LAB VALUES: APA (Anti Parietal Antibody)

A

B12 deficiency (Pernicious Anemia)

62
Q

LAB VALUES: Alpha Feto Protein

A

Neural Tube Defect (B9)

63
Q

LAB VALUES: Acid Phosphatase

64
Q

LAB VALUES: Albumin/Globulin Ratio

A

Reversal in MM
Liver disease
TB
RA

65
Q

LAB VALUES: Alkaline Phosphatase

A

Liver and Blastic bone

Alkaline phos is increase when body is making bone

66
Q

LAB VALUES: Amylase/Lipase

A

Pancreatitis (head)

67
Q

LAB VALUES: POLYARTHRALGIA: ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) – Collagen disease – Seropositive or negative?

68
Q

LAB VALUES: POLYARTHRALGIA: ANA (Antinuclear Antibody (5)

A 
SLE (body wide)
Scleroderma ( smooth muscle?)
Sjogren (exocrine gland - dry eyes, mouth, etc)
Polyarteritis Nodosa
RA (synovium)
69
Q

LAB VALUES: ASO titer (Anti Streptolysin O)

A

Strep Antibody

70
Q

LAB VALUES: Bilirubin: Direct

A

Liver, GB, Head of pancreas

Conjugated = soluble = POST Hepatic Disorder

71
Q

LAB VALUES: Bilirubin: Indirect

A

Liver, Spleen, Hemolytic Anemia, drugs, fever

Unconjugated = Insoluble = PRE Hepatic Disorder

72
Q

LAB VALUES: BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

A

Increase: Kidney
Decrease: Liver

73
Q

LAB VALUES: Calcium

A

Increase: Hypercalcemia, Hyper-Parathyroid
Decrease: Hypocalcemia

74
Q

LAB VALUES: CEA (Carcinogenic Embryonic Antigen)

75
Q

LAB VALUES: CPK (Creatine)

A

Muscle destruction
CK-MM = Muscle
CK- MB = Heart
CK-BB = Brain

76
Q

LAB VALUES: CREATININe

A 
Kidney function
(MD increase Creatine CK-MM but decrease Creatinine)
77
Q

LAB VALUES: CRP

A

Acute inflammation

Myocardial risk

78
Q

LAB VALUES: ESR

A

Inflammation

ESR>80, patient 50 yo – Giant cell tumor, MM

79
Q

LAB VALUES: Catecholamines

A 
Adrenal Medulla (NE& epi)
Dopamine
80
Q

LAB VALUES: FTA/ABS (Specific)

81
Q

LAB VALUES: Blood Glucose

82
Q

LAB VALUES: Glucose (CSF)

A

Decrease in bacterial infection

83
Q

LAB VALUES: GGT

A

Liver Cirrhosis

84
Q

LAB VALUES: GTT

85
Q

LAB VALUES: HCG

A

Increase: Twins, hydatiform mole, choricarcinoma
Decrease: Ectopic Pregnancy

86
Q

LAB VALUES: POLYARTHRALGIA: HLA B27 seronegative or positive?

A

Seronegative

This group makes SYNDESMOPHYTE (bony growth originating inside a ligament)

87
Q

LAB VALUES: POLYARTHRALGIA: HLA B27

A 
UCRAP + Enteropathic arthropathy
Ulcerative Colitis
Crohn's
Reiter's
AS
Psoriatic
Entero
88
Q

LAB VALUES: Cholesterol

89
Q

LAB VALUES: Ketones

90
Q

LAB VALUES: LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase)

A

Muscle & Liver disease

1= MI 2= always high 3,4,5=systemic

91
Q

LAB VALUES: LE Prep

92
Q

LAB VALUES: Mono Test

A

Paul Bunnell
Heterophile agglutination (Maybe EBV)
Mono - (Atypical Lymphocyte - Downey’s cell)

93
Q

LAB VALUES: Protein

A

Increase: MM, MD
Decrease: Kidney

94
Q

LAB VALUES: PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

A

Prostate (along with ACID phosphatase)

95
Q

LAB VALUES: SGOT/AST (Serum Glutamate Oxyloacetic Transaminase)

A

Liver

Heart

96
Q

LAB VALUES: SGPT/ALT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvic Transaminase)

97
Q

LAB VALUES: T3/T4

A

Increase: Hyperthyroidism - Graves
Decrease: Hypo - Myxedema, Hashimoto

98
Q

LAB VALUES: Uric Acid

A

Gout

Kidney

99
Q

LAB VALUES: for AIDS

A

CD4, T Cells
ELISA is sensitive
Western Blot is specific

100
Q

SPECIAL STUDIES: to identify agent

A

Stool, Sputum, Blood Culture

101
Q

SPECIAL STUDIES: View regions

A

Arthroscopy

Endoscopy

102
Q

SPECIAL STUDIES: Barium Study

A

GI Disorder

103
Q

SPECIAL STUDIES: Ultrasound

A

Belly and Vessels

104
Q

SPECIAL STUDIES: Pap smear

105
Q

SPECIAL STUDIES: Aspiration

106
Q

FAT Soluble Vitamis

107
Q

Antioxidants

A

ACES + Zinc

108
Q

Cause of vitamin deficiency

A

Varies (usually d/t malnutrition)

Malabsorption

109
Q

GLUTEN (protein) can cause

A
  • Increases inflammation
  • Irritates brain
  • Dementia
  • Depression
110
Q

Post Viral Syndrome (4)

A

Guillian Barre
Ptyrasis Roseacea
Reye’s Syndrome
West Nile

All Can trigger Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia

111
Q

Micro&Path: Coccidiomycosis

A

San Joaqin Valley Fever

Spore dust

112
Q

Micro&Path: Staph

A

Bone, joint, skin
Toxic shock
PID

113
Q

Micro&Path: Strep

A

Skin
PID
Throat-kidney-heart

114
Q

Micro&Path: Klebsiella

A

Friedlander’s pneumonia

Red currant jelly sputum

115
Q

Micro&Path: Rotovirus Vs Rhinovirus

A

Rotovirus: childhood diarrhea
Rhinovirus: Common cold

116
Q

Micro&Path: MUMPS

A

Parotid duct
Oophoritis (ovarian)
Orchitis (testicle)

*Part II Supplemental (28 decks)

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