NBS General DIagnosis Flashcards by cynthia kosasih

Posterior Pituitary - Decreased ADH (Vasopressin)

Diabetes insipidus (polydypsia, polyuria)

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Adrenal Cortex - Decrease adrenocorticoids

Addison’s disease - BRONZE skin, weight loss, hypotension

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Adrenal Cortex - Increase adrenocorticoids (ACTH)

Cushing’s - weight gain, HTN, buffalo hump, hirsutism, moon face

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Cushings AKA

Hypercortisolism, hyperadrenocorticism

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What hormones are increased in Cushings disease

Cortisol (sweet), Aldosterone (salty), Steroids (- cause hirsutism)

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Increase Parathormone, MC is Primary

Post menopause female, Hypercalcemia, excessive bone resorption

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Secondary increase parathormone – RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY

Kidney disease causes feedback malfunction, chronic parathyroid function, Hypercalcemia, bone resorption, calcified vessels.

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Decrease T3/T4 – Thyroid or ANT PIT

Myxedema - usually autoimmune (decrease t3,t4 and increase TSH

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Cretinism

Hypothyroidism, Child, Congenital, Mental deficit, female (3:1)

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Graves

Hyperthyroidism, MC autoimmune

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Graves is associated with what condition?

DM
Pernicious anemia
Collagen disease

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Vitamin D deficiency

Adult - osteomalacia

Child - Rickets

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Hypophosphatemia AKA

Hypercalcemia

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Cause of Hypercalcemia

Hyperparathyroidism
Bone ca (1&2)
Hyperthyroidism (parafollicular cell increase osteoclast activity)
Adsons, excessive fracture
Diurectics, respiratory acidosis

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Cuase of Hypocalcemia (Hyperphosphatemia)

Hypovitaminosis D - Bone softening

- Hypoparathyroidism - Alkalosis, PANCREATITIS, diarrhea

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Young RBC is called….

Reticulocyte

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RBC life span

120 days

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RBC component

MCV - size - 90
MCH - color - 30
MCHC - color - 30

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Plateletes - Thrombocytes number

150,000 - 400,000

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WBC number and life span

5k-10k

Life span is 15-30 days

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WBC for chronic infection

Monocytes

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WBC for allergies

Eosinophil

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WBC for heavy metal/ polycythemia

Basophil

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MC ca in children, age 3-5 progress rapidly, affects immature blood cell

Acute Lymphoblastic

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AKA Acute myelogenous, Rapid cancer, affects myeloid WBC, MC leukemia in adults

Acute non lymphoblastic

Slow, uncommon adult form of Leukemia with PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME

Chronic Myelogenous

Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia; Problem, cause

Problem: RBC maturation, Reticulocytosis Increase MCV Cause: Poor uptake of B12, B9 deficiency - neural tube effect Ferritin: Normal

Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia; Problem, cause

Problem: RBC loss Decrease MCV, MCH Cause; Iron deficiency, chronic hemorrhage (GI/bone disorder depletes iron stores) Ferritin: Decrease

Which anemia is common in female during child bearing years?

Microcythic Hypochromic - Iron deficiency anemia

Hb disease, decrease MCH & MCV

Thalassemia (Mediteranian and European) Sickle Cell Ferritin: Normal

Thalassemia minor

Increase RBC | Hereditary

Thalassemia major aka

Cooley's anemia

AVN of femoral head - crescent shaped associated with

Sickle cell

Urine: indicates inflammation, lesion, ulceration in lower tract

Dark red

Upper tract lesion

Smoky

Indicates stagnation of blood, fat & mucus, or weakness in the blood leading to such condition as anemia

White

Indicates disorder of liver or GB resulting in excess bile secretion. Deposits of animal fats especially in the middle organs and possible inflammation

Yellow

Orange urine

B vitamins

Black urine

Ochronosis End stage Malaria Lead poisoning

URINANALYSIS: Specific gravity

Increase in DM | Decrease in Diabetes Insipidus

URINANALYSIS: Protein

``` Nephron disease Multiple Myeloma (BENCE JONES) and Muscular Dystrophy ```

URINANALYSIS: Glucose

Diabetes Melitus | Shock

URINANALYSIS: Ketone

DM | Starvation

URINANALYSIS: Blood

Trauma, infection, stone | Painless hematuria: Cancer

URINANALYSIS: Bilirubin

Indirect = bilirubin | Direct + bacteria = Urobilinogen

URINANALYSIS: PUS

Bladder, urethra usually

URINANALYSIS: Cast

Upper tract = descending = Strep | Lower tract = ascending = E.Coli, Chlamydia

URINANALYSIS: Schilling's test

B12 24 hour urine test

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgG

Chronic, 85% 2nd to fight bacteria, fungi, toxins Mom protects baby IN UTERO

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgA

5-10 % Mucosal lining, GI, Lungs Mom protects baby thru milk (Collustrum)

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgM

Acute, 5-10 % | 1st to fight

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgE

Small amount | Hypersensitivity (allergies) - also Eosinophil, defense

IMMUNOGLOBULINS: IgD

Trace

STOOL: Clay color

Biliary obstruction

STOOL: Tarry color

Iron or blood

STOOL: Fat

Steatorrhea - GB or Pancreas Malabsorption

STOOL: Blood Frank

Lower GI

STOOL: Blood Occult

Upper GI (GUIAIAC)

STOOL: Culture

ID agent

LAB VALUES: ACPA (anti-citrulinate protein antibody)

RA - confirms and denotes severity

LAB VALUES: APA (Anti Parietal Antibody)

B12 deficiency (Pernicious Anemia)

LAB VALUES: Alpha Feto Protein

Neural Tube Defect (B9)

LAB VALUES: Acid Phosphatase

Prostate

LAB VALUES: Albumin/Globulin Ratio

Reversal in MM Liver disease TB RA

LAB VALUES: Alkaline Phosphatase

Liver and Blastic bone | Alkaline phos is increase when body is making bone

LAB VALUES: Amylase/Lipase

Pancreatitis (head)

LAB VALUES: POLYARTHRALGIA: ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) -- Collagen disease -- Seropositive or negative?

Positive

LAB VALUES: POLYARTHRALGIA: ANA (Antinuclear Antibody (5)

``` SLE (body wide) Scleroderma ( smooth muscle?) Sjogren (exocrine gland - dry eyes, mouth, etc) Polyarteritis Nodosa RA (synovium) ```

LAB VALUES: ASO titer (Anti Streptolysin O)

Strep Antibody

LAB VALUES: Bilirubin: Direct

Liver, GB, Head of pancreas | Conjugated = soluble = POST Hepatic Disorder

LAB VALUES: Bilirubin: Indirect

Liver, Spleen, Hemolytic Anemia, drugs, fever | Unconjugated = Insoluble = PRE Hepatic Disorder

LAB VALUES: BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Increase: Kidney Decrease: Liver

LAB VALUES: Calcium

Increase: Hypercalcemia, Hyper-Parathyroid Decrease: Hypocalcemia

LAB VALUES: CEA (Carcinogenic Embryonic Antigen)

Cancer

LAB VALUES: CPK (Creatine)

Muscle destruction CK-MM = Muscle CK- MB = Heart CK-BB = Brain

LAB VALUES: CREATININe

``` Kidney function (MD increase Creatine CK-MM but decrease Creatinine) ```

LAB VALUES: CRP

Acute inflammation | Myocardial risk

LAB VALUES: ESR

Inflammation | ESR>80, patient 50 yo -- Giant cell tumor, MM

LAB VALUES: Catecholamines

``` Adrenal Medulla (NE& epi) Dopamine ```

LAB VALUES: FTA/ABS (Specific)

SYPHILIS

LAB VALUES: Blood Glucose

80-120 | DM

LAB VALUES: Glucose (CSF)

Decrease in bacterial infection

LAB VALUES: GGT

Liver Cirrhosis

LAB VALUES: GTT

LAB VALUES: HCG

Increase: Twins, hydatiform mole, choricarcinoma Decrease: Ectopic Pregnancy

LAB VALUES: POLYARTHRALGIA: HLA B27 seronegative or positive?

Seronegative | This group makes SYNDESMOPHYTE (bony growth originating inside a ligament)

LAB VALUES: POLYARTHRALGIA: HLA B27

``` UCRAP + Enteropathic arthropathy Ulcerative Colitis Crohn's Reiter's AS Psoriatic Entero ```

LAB VALUES: Cholesterol

HTN

LAB VALUES: Ketones

LAB VALUES: LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase)

Muscle & Liver disease | 1= MI 2= always high 3,4,5=systemic

LAB VALUES: LE Prep

SLE

LAB VALUES: Mono Test

Paul Bunnell Heterophile agglutination (Maybe EBV) Mono - (Atypical Lymphocyte - Downey's cell)

LAB VALUES: Protein

Increase: MM, MD Decrease: Kidney

LAB VALUES: PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)

Prostate (along with ACID phosphatase)

LAB VALUES: SGOT/AST (Serum Glutamate Oxyloacetic Transaminase)

Liver | Heart

LAB VALUES: SGPT/ALT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvic Transaminase)

Liver

LAB VALUES: T3/T4

Increase: Hyperthyroidism - Graves Decrease: Hypo - Myxedema, Hashimoto

LAB VALUES: Uric Acid

Gout | Kidney

LAB VALUES: for AIDS

CD4, T Cells ELISA is sensitive Western Blot is specific

SPECIAL STUDIES: to identify agent

Stool, Sputum, Blood Culture

SPECIAL STUDIES: View regions

Arthroscopy | Endoscopy

SPECIAL STUDIES: Barium Study

GI Disorder

SPECIAL STUDIES: Ultrasound

Belly and Vessels

SPECIAL STUDIES: Pap smear

Uterus

SPECIAL STUDIES: Aspiration

Fluid

FAT Soluble Vitamis

ADEK

Antioxidants

ACES + Zinc

Cause of vitamin deficiency

Varies (usually d/t malnutrition) | Malabsorption

GLUTEN (protein) can cause

- Increases inflammation - Irritates brain - Dementia - Depression

Post Viral Syndrome (4)

Guillian Barre Ptyrasis Roseacea Reye's Syndrome West Nile All Can trigger Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia

Micro&Path: Coccidiomycosis

San Joaqin Valley Fever | Spore dust

Micro&Path: Staph

Bone, joint, skin Toxic shock PID

Micro&Path: Strep

Skin PID Throat-kidney-heart

Micro&Path: Klebsiella

Friedlander's pneumonia | Red currant jelly sputum

Micro&Path: Rotovirus Vs Rhinovirus

Rotovirus: childhood diarrhea Rhinovirus: Common cold

Micro&Path: MUMPS

Parotid duct Oophoritis (ovarian) Orchitis (testicle)