Naplex things to know COPY Flashcards
What is the acronym for Major Inducers?
PS PORCS
Phenytoin Smoking Phenobarbital Oxcarbazepine Rifampin Carbamazepine St. John's Wort
What do Major inducers do to drug levels?
Major inducers decrease drug levels
PS PORCS Phenytoin Smoking Phenobarbital Oxcarbazepine Rifampin Carbamazepine St. John's Wort
What are the major inducers (7)?
PS PORCS
Phenytoin Smoking Phenobarbital Oxcarbazepine Rifampin Carbamazepine St. John's Wort
What is the acronym for Major Inhibitors?
G-PACMAN
Grapefruit Protease Inhibitors (ritonavir) Azoles C- Cyclosporin, Cimetidine, cobistat Macrolides - BUT not azithromycin Amiodarone Non-DHP CCB (diltiazem and verapamil)
What do Major Inhibitors do to drug levels?
Major inhibitors increase levels – Then INHIBIT the metabolism to elimination.
G-PACMAN Grapefruit Protease Inhibitors (ritonavir) Azoles C- Cyclosporin, Cimetidine, cobistat Macrolides - BUT not azithromycin Amiodarone Non-DHP CCB (diltiazem and verapamil)
What are the major Inhibitors? (7-11)
G-PACMAN
Grapefruit Protease Inhibitors (ritonavir) Azoles C- Cyclosporin, Cimetidine, cobistat Macrolides - BUT not azithromycin Amiodarone Non-DHP CCB (diltiazem and verapamil)
What is the preferred nasal steroid in pregnancy?
budesonide (Rhinocort) is the preferred nasal steroid in pregnancy
What are the preferred oral antihistamines in pregnancy?
Zyrtec and Claritin are the preferred oral antihistamines in pregnancy
Intranasal ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) is only good for decreasing rhinorrhea caused by?
Intranasal ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) is only good for decreasing rhinorrhea caused by nasal dryness
Which Intranasal must be used scheduled, not PRN?
Intranasal cromolyn (Nasalcrom) must be used scheduled, NOT PRN
What age group should you NOT use ceftriaxone in?
do NOT use ceftriaxone in neonates (<28days)
What should you use as malaria prophylaxis for preggos and children?
Chloroquine or mefloquine (Lariam) dosed WEEKLY
What is something that can decrease the absorption of allopurinol (Zyloprim)?
Antacids decrease allopurinol absorption
What is first line in CKD?
Phos binders –> calcium based (Tums, PhosLo) is first line due to price
What is the generic name of Renvela? What is it used for?
Sevelamer (Renvela) –> used for CKD, is non-calcium, non-aluminum, not systemically absorbed. Also lowers total cholesterol and LDL ~15-30%
In addition to CKD what does Sevelamer (Renvela) also do?
Sevelamer (Renvela) also lowers total cholesterol and LDL ~15-30%
When is erythropoietin (ESA) used in CKD?
ESA is only used when hemoglobin is <10 and discontinued if > 11
What forms of Hepatits are vaccines available for?
vaccines are available for Hep A and Hep B
What is fist line OTC for headache/pain in cirrhosis pts?
Tylenol is first line OTC for headache/pain in cirrhosis pts. it is safer than NSAIDS due to risk of GI bleed, blunting and diurectic response, and exacerbating renal dysfunction.
What vaccinations do you need if you have Asplenia?
- H. influenza type B
- Pneumococcal
- Meningococcal
What is the MOA of triptans?
5-HT1 agonist and cause vasoconstriction of cranial blood vessels
What is the starting dose for Viagra, Revatio?
Sildenafil (Viagra, Revatio) - starting dose is 50mg
What is the starting dose for Cialis, Adcirca?
tadalafil (Cialis, Adcirca) - start dose is 10mg
What is the starting dose for Levitra, Staxyn ODT?
Vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn ODT) - start dose is 10mg
What is the Start dose for Stendra?
Avanafil (Stendra) - start dose is 100mg
Use 50mg if pt >65 years, using a 3A4 inhibitor, using an alpha blocker, severe renal/liver impairment.
What is the generic of Kapvay?
Clonidine ER (Kapvay) this brand is used for ADHA
What is the generic of Intuniv?
guanfacine ER (Intuniv) used for ADHA
What are the main SE’s of Kapvay and Intuniva?
Clondidine ER (Kapvay) and guanfacine ER (Intuniv) are sedating and lower blood pressure.
What is the generic of Focalin?
Dexmethylphenidate
What is the generic of Concerta?
Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin, Quillivant)
what is the generic of Ritalin
Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin, Quillivant)
what is the generic of Quillivant
Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin, Quillivant)
Which BZDs are preferred in elderly because they are metabolized to inactive compounds (glucuronides)
LOT (Lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam)
What is Temazepam (Restoril) indicated for?
Temazepam (Restoril) is longer acting and NOT indicated for anxiety. It is used for sleep.
What is the main medication used for Alzheimer’s?
Aricept (Donepezil)
What medication is added to Donepezil in moderate to severe Alzheimer disease. What is the combonation called?
Memantine (Namenda), the combo pill is Namzaric
When do you take Donepezil (Aricept)?
take at night due to nausea. “sleep through” the nausea so during the day the nausea is not so bad. Other side effects include: insomnia, bradycardia, tremors.
What does the term comminution mean?
comminution means to reduce solids from an average particle size to a smaller average particle size.
Magnesium stearate is an example of a?
magnesium stearate is an example of glidant/lubricant = improves flowability of powder.
Sodium lauryl sulfate is and example of a?
sodium lauryl sulfate is and example of a Surfactant = neutralizes static charge and keeps powder from floating away.
Magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and kaolin are examples of ?
Magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and kaolin are examples of adsorbent = keeps powder dry
What does the term eutectic mean?
eutectic = two components, when mixed, will melt at a lower temperature than either individual melting point.
What 2 things are used as plasticizers - used to make capsules less brittle/more flexible?
glycerol, sorbitol
Between lotion, cream, ointment, which one contains the most water?
Lotion contains the most water.
Between lotion, cream, ointment, which one contains the most oil?
Ointment contains the most oil.
What is Pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) used for?
Pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO) is used for transdermal drug delivery - gel = semisolid impenetrable by liquid.
What is an emulsion?
emulsion = liquid dispersed in liquid.
What is an emulsifier?
emulsifier = Surfactant that reduces surface tension between oil and water.
What is an suspension?
Suspension is a solid dispersed in liquid
What are wetting agent/levigating agent?
Wetting agent/levigating agent - Surfactant that helps incorporate insoluble drug into liquid.
Low HLB < 10 (lipophilic) are more ____ soluble and used for ______ emulsions
Low HLB < 10 (lipophilic) are more oil soluble and used for water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions
High HLB > 10 (hydrophilic) are more _____ soluble and used for _____ emulsions
High HLB > 10 (hydrophilic) are more water soluble and used for oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions
What is the BUD for non-aqueos formulations
The BUD for non-aqueous formulations = any API or 6 months
What is the BUD for water containing oral formulations in the fridge?
14 days in the fridge
What is the BUD for water containing topical/dermal/mucosal liquid?
30 days
What is a Type 1 error?
Type 1 error = false-positive –> the nullhypothesis is rejected in error –> think there is a difference but there isnt one
what is a Type 2 error?
Type II error = false negative –> the null hypothesis is accepted in error –> think that there is no difference but there acutally is.
What is Sensitivity?
Sensitivity = true positive –> how well a test identifies that you actually do have the condition.
What is Specificity?
Specificity = true negative, how well a test identifies that you do NOT have a condition. –> you Specifically do NOT have the disease
What class = reasonable probability that use will cause serious adverse health consequences/death?
Class I recall = reasonable probability that use will cause serious adverse health consequences/death
What class = probability of temporary/reversible adverse health consequences are remote?
Class II recall = probability of temporary/reversible adverse health consequences are remote
What class = Not likely to cause adverse health consequences?
Class III recall = Not likely to cause adverse health consequences
What is the Independent variable?
The independent variable = the intervention (ie., the drug)
What are the 3 first line drugs for ADHD?
Concerta, Vyvanse, Adderall XR
What is used 2nd line, or if abuse risk for ADHD?
Strattera
When do you use the Student/Unpaired T-test?
When Numerical/continuous Data, normal distribution, with Two groups
When do you use the ANOVA (or F-test)?
When Numerical/continuous Data, normal distribution, with three groups
Which Cost Analysis - Includes a quality of life (QALYs) component?
a. Cost minimization analysis (CMA)
b. Cost benefit Analysis (CBA)
c. Cost effectiveness Analysis
d. Cost Utility Analysis
Cost Utility Analysis - Includes a quality of life component
Which Cost Analysis - is used when two or more interventions have already demonstrated equivalency in outcomes and the costs of each intervention are being compared.
a. Cost minimization analysis (CMA)
b. Cost benefit Analysis (CBA)
c. Cost effectiveness Analysis
d. Cost Utility Analysis
Cost minimization analysis - is used when two or more interventions have already demonstrated equivalency in outcomes and the costs of each intervention are being compared.
Which Cost Analysis - have both the benefits and costs expressed in terms of dollars and are adjusted to their present value.
a. Cost minimization analysis (CMA)
b. Cost benefit Analysis (CBA)
c. Cost effectiveness Analysis
d. Cost Utility Analysis
Cost Benefit Analysis - have both the benefits and costs expressed in terms of dollars and are adjusted to their present value.
Which Cost Analysis - is defined as a series of analytical and mathematical procedures that aid in the selection of a course of action from various alternative approaches. Inputs are usually measured in dollars and outputs are usually measured in natural units.
a. Cost minimization analysis (CMA)
b. Cost benefit Analysis (CBA)
c. Cost effectiveness Analysis
d. Cost Utility Analysis
Cost effectiveness Analysis - is defined as a series of analytical and mathematical procedures that aid in the selection of a course of action from various alternative approaches. Inputs are usually measured in dollars and outputs are usually measured in natural units.