Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 > N: Forebrain > Flashcards

N: Forebrain Flashcards

1
Q

Forebrain is made up of ____

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Internal Capsule
Limbic System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Telencephalon is _____

A

cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diencephalon is ____

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
subthalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LImbic system is ____

A

hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epithalamus is made up of ____ + ____

A

pinneal gland

habenula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___ makes up the largest part of the diencephalon

A

thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which pathways relay in the thalamic nuclei?

A

All sensory pathways besides olfaction

They all use different nuclei = creating different, distinct nuclei of thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What borders the thalamus in a coronal section?

6 things.

A
  1. lateral ventricle (above)
  2. internal capsule (lateral)
  3. putamen (lateral)
  4. globus palladus (lateral)
  5. hypothalamus (inferior)
  6. third ventricle (medial)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The thalamic nuclei are divided into 6 subdivisions. Name them.

A 
anterior division
medial division
lateral division
intralaminar division
midline nuclei division
reticular nuclei division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which subdivision of the thalamus is the largest?

A

lateral division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The anterior division of the thalamus contains ___

A

anterior nucleus (AN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The medial division of the thalamus contains ____

A

dorsomedial nucleus (DM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 tiers of the lateral division?

A

dorsal tier

ventral tier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The dorsal tier of the lateral division contains ____

A 
lateral dorsal (LD)
lateral posterior (LP)
pulvinar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ventral tier of the lateral division contains ____

A 
ventral anterior (VA)
ventral lateral (VL)
ventral posterior lateral (VPL)
ventral posterior medial (VPM)
medial geniculate (MGN)
lateral geniculate (LGN)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the intralmainar nuclei?

A

centromedial

parafascicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

All thalamic nuclei (except ___) are based on the same general theme of thalamic output

A

except reticular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

All thalamic nuclei (except reticular) are based ont he same general theme of output w/ 2 neurons.

What are the 2 neurons?

A
  1. projecting neurons

2. interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the difference between projecting neurons and interneurons

(for output of all thalamic nuclei except reticular nucleus)

A

projecting nuerons - EXCITATORY

interneurons - INHIBITORY (and small)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do all thalamic nuclei (except reticular) have the same proportion of projecting neurons to interneurons?

A

no

proportions vary from nuclei to nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

There are 2 types of thalamic input. What are they?

A

specific input

regulatory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is specific input

type of thalamic input

A

information from thalamus is passed nearly directly to the cortex (or wherever it’s going)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is regulatory input

type of thalamic input

A

thalamic nuclei contribute to info before passing it along

comes from cerebral cortex (usually from a portion that got a projection input)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thalamic nuclei are categorized based on _____

A

patterns of outputs and specific inputs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 3 main categories of thalamic nuclei?

A
  1. relay nuclei
  2. association nuclei
  3. intralaminar/midline nuclei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Relay nuclei receive well-defined input from ____

A

subcortical source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Relay nuclei have projection neurons that send info to well defined areas of ___

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The projection neurons of relay nuclei are regulated via ____

A

regulatory input (direct and indirect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the 8 relay nuclei?

A
  1. anterior nucleus (AN)
  2. lateral dorsal (LD)
  3. Ventral anterior (VA)
  4. Ventral lateral (VL)
  5. VPL
  6. VPM
  7. MGN
  8. LGN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Anterior nuclei (relay nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

Specific input:
mamillothalamic tract and hippocampus

cortical output: cingulate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lateral dorsal (LD, relay nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

specific input: hippocampus

cortical output: cingulate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ventral anterior (VA, relay nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

Specific input: basal ganglia

cortical output: motor areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ventral lateral (VL, relay nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

Specific input: cerebellum

cortical output: motor areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

VPL (relay nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

Specific input: medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tract

Cortical output: somatosensory gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

VPM (relay nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A 
2 OPTIONS
specific input: trigeminal system
cortical output: somatosensory cortex
OR
specific input: central tegmental tract (Taste)
cortical output: insula
36
Q

MGN (relay nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

Specific input: branchium of inferior colliculus

Cortical output: Auditory cortex

37
Q

LGN (relay nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

Specific input: optic tract

Cortical output: visual cortex

38
Q

What is the major difference in specific inputs/cortical outputs in association nuclei vs relay nuclei of thalamus?

A

association nuclei of thalamus have input and output to cortical areas

relay nuclei only have output to cortical areas (no input)

39
Q

What are the 2 main areas of association cortex and their association nuclei?

A
  1. Prefrontal cotex (DM nuclei)

2. Parietal-occipital-temporal cortex (pulvinar-LP nuclei complex)

40
Q

DM association nuclei function is for ____

A

foresight/affect

remember: DM is with PREFRONTAL COTEX (foresight)

41
Q

Pulvinar-LP association nuclei complex function is for ____

A

unknown

many involved with visual perception/attention

42
Q

DM (association nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

specific input: prefrontal cortex, olfactory and limbic structures (amygdala)

cortical output: prefrontal cortex

43
Q

LP (association nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

Specific input: parietal lobe

Cortical output: parietal lobe

44
Q

Pulvinar (association nuclei)

Specific input: ____
Cortical output: ____

A

specific input: parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

cortical output: parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

45
Q

Intralaminar and midline nuclei

Specific input: ____
Project output: ____

A

Specific input: basal ganglia and limbic structures

Project to: cortex, basal ganglia, limbic structures

46
Q

The ____ nucleus is an important source of regulatory input to the thalamus

A

reticular nucleus

47
Q

Reticular nucleus

Input: ____
Output: ____

A

Input: cortex and thalamuis

Output: INHIBITORY axons to the thalamus

output DOES NOT GO TO CORTEX

48
Q

What 2 types of fibers pass through the internal capsule?

A

thalamocortical and corticothalamic fibers

49
Q

Almost all fibers that go to/from the cortex pass through the ___

A

internal capsule

50
Q

Fibers of the internal capsule collect and form ______

What passes through this structure?

A

cerebral peduncle

corticopontine, corticobulbar, corticospinal tracts descend the cerebral peduncle

51
Q

There are 5 divisions of the internal capsule relative to ____

A

the lenticular nucleus (globus pallidus + putamen)

52
Q

What is the lenticular nucleus made up of?

A

globus pallidus and putamen

53
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the internal capsule relative to the lenticular nucleus?

A 
anterior limb
posterior limb
genu
retrolenticular limb
sublenticular limb
54
Q

Tha anterior limb of the internal capsule is between ___

A

lenticular nucleus and caudate

55
Q

The posterior limb of the internal capsule is between ___

A

lenticular nucleus and thalamus

56
Q

The genu of the internal capsule is between ___

A

anterior and posterior limbs

57
Q

The retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule is located ___

A

behind the lenticular nucleus

58
Q

The sublentincular limb of the internal capsulei s located ___

A

beneath the lenticular nucleus

59
Q

The retrolenticular nucleus receives information from the ___ visual field

The sublenticular nucleus receives information from the ____ visual field

A

retroeltnicular – inferor visual field

sublenticular – superior visual field

60
Q

What structure is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body?

A

hypothalamus

61
Q

What structure is critical in autonomic, endocrine and somatic functions?

A

hypothalamus

62
Q 
Hypothalamic borders:
Superior - 
Anterior - 
Posterior - 
Medial - 
Lateral - 
Inferior - (many)
A 
Superior - hypothalamic sulcus
Anterior - Lamina terminalis
Posterior - midbrain tegmentum
medial - 3rd ventricle
lateral - internal capsule
inferior - optic chiasm, tuber cinereum, mamillary bodies
63
Q

The hypothalamus is organized in 2 different ways. What are they/

A

longitudinally

medial-laterally

64
Q

What are the 3 regions created in longitudinal organization of hypothalamus?

A

anterior region
tuberal region
posterior region

65
Q

What are the 3 regions created in medial-lateral organization of the hypothalamsu?

A

lateral
medial
periventricular

66
Q

____ region of the hypothalamus is the rostral continuation of the reticular formation

A

lateral

67
Q

____ region of the hypothalamus contains the medial forebrain bundle?

A

lateral

68
Q

____ region of the hypothalamus contains hypothalamic subnuclei

A

medial

69
Q

____ region of the hypothalamus is the rostral continuation of the periaqueductal gray of midbrain

A

periventricular

70
Q

____ region of the hypothalamus contains the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

A

periventricular

71
Q

Both the superior hypophyseal artery and the inferior hypophyseal artery are branches of ____

A

internal carotid artery

72
Q

What does the superior hypophyseal artery supply?

A

capillary bed in infundibulum

73
Q

Capillary bed in infundibulum drains into portal vessels in the ____

A

adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

74
Q

There is a second bed of capillaries around the ___

A

endocrine cells of the adenohypophysis

75
Q

The inferior hypophyseal artery supplies ____

A

neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

76
Q

Capillaries of posterior pituitary drain into ____

A

cavernous sinus

77
Q

_____ delivers anterior/posterior pituitary hormones through systemic circulation

A

cavernous sinus

78
Q

Pituitary secretions are controlled by 2 types of ___

A

neuroendocrine cells

79
Q

Are neuroendocrine cells true endocrines?

A

Yes. Because they release secretions into capillaries

80
Q

Are neuroendocrine cells actually neurons?

A

Yes because the axons synapse on the walls of the capillaries

81
Q

Where are the somas of neuroendocrine cells? ___ area

A

hypophysiotrophic area

82
Q

Somas are located in the lower half of the ___ region and ___ region

A

pre-optic and tuberal

83
Q

What are the 2 types of neuroendocrine cells?

A

parvocellular

magnocellular

84
Q

Parocellular cell somas are located in which nuclei?

A

preoptic nuclei
ventromedial nuclei
arcuate nuclei

85
Q

Magnocellular somas are located in which nuclei/

A

paraventricular nucleus

supraoptic nucleus

86
Q

Parvocellular cells end in ___

Magnocellular cells end in ___

A

parveoclellular - end in median eminence

magnocellular cells - end in posterior lobe

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions