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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 > G: Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

G: Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The thoracic cavity is enclosed by __ and __

A

thoracic wall and diaphragm

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2
Q

The thoracic cavity is subdivided into compartments: _____

A

left and right pleural cavities

& mediastinum

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3
Q

Thoracic wall boundaries:

posterior: ___
lateral: ___
anterior: ___

A

posterior: thoracic vertebrae
lateral: ribs and intercostal mm
anterior: sternum (all 3 parts)

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4
Q

what are the 3 parts of sternum

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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5
Q

Manubrium has clavicular notch for ___ joint

A

sternoclavicular joint

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6
Q

Sternal body joins with manubrium at the ___

A

sternal angle (of louis)

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7
Q

___ is the lowest point on the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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8
Q

the head of the rib articulates with ____

A

2 vertebral bodie sand 1 disc

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9
Q

The tubercle of the rib articulats with ___

A

1 transverse process

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10
Q

The __ of the rib is the region of the greatest curve on the BODY

A

angle

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11
Q

The costal groove of the rib is formed by ____

A

intercostal a., v., n.

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12
Q

External to the anterior thoracic wall is the ___ region

A

pectoral

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13
Q

___ region anchors the upper limb to the trunk

A

pectoral

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14
Q

Pectoral region is divided into 2 compartments

A

superficial

deep

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15
Q

Pectoral region

superficial compartment contains ____

deep compartment contains ___

A

superficial - skin, superficial fascia, breasts

deep = muscles, associated structures

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16
Q

Breast is ___ in women; ___ _ in men

A

well developed in women

rudimentary in men

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17
Q

Breast tissue consists of ____ embedded in fatty matrix

A

secretory glands

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18
Q

Breast tissue consists of secretory glands embedded in ___

A

fatty matrix

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19
Q

Breast tissue consists of secretory glands embedded in fatty matrix, with overlying ___

A

skin and superficial fascia

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20
Q

Lateral blood supply to the breast consists of branches of ____

A

axillary artery

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21
Q

What branches of axillary artery supply lateral breast tissue?

A
  1. superior thoracic
  2. thoracoacromial –> pectoral branch
  3. lateral thoracic artery
  4. subscapular artery
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22
Q

Lateral thoracic artery runs with ____

what is clinical implication of this

A

long thoracic nerve

in mastictamy can injure - winged scapula

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23
Q

Medial blood supply comes from branches of ___

A

internal thoracic artery

and branches of 2nd and 4th intercostal artery

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24
Q

Lymphatics from the breast drain into __ nodes and __ nodes

A

parasternal nodes

axillary nodes

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25
Innervation of breast is from ____ branches of ____
lateral and anterior branches of 2nd - 6th intercostal nerve
26
Lateral/anterior branches of 2nd-6th intercostal nerve provide ___ innervation for ___
cutaneous (general sensory) innervation to breast
27
What 2 muscles are found in the pectoral region
pectoralis minor | pectoralis major
28
Pectoralis major is divided into 2 heads. - what are names - are they superior/inferior - are they larger/smaller
smaller, superior clavicular head lower, larger sternocostal head
29
pectoralis major/minor which is deep/superficial
pectoralis minor is deep to pectoralis major
30
pectoralis minor is enveloped in ___
clavipectoral fascia
31
What are the muscles associated with the anterior thoracic wall?
``` traversus thoracic subcostal m intermost intercostal m internal intercostal m external intercostal m ```
32
Transversus thoracic m run along the __ and to the ___
sternum between the sternum and the costal cartilages
33
Subcostal muscle run in the same plane as the ___ mm. Subcostal muscles generally span __ ribs
innermost intercostal m 2 ribs
34
What are the intercostal muscles of the thoracic wall?
external intcostal m internal intercostal m innermost intercostal m
35
____ fibers go DOWN TOWARDS MIDLINE ___ fibers go UP AWAY FROM MIDLINE
External intercostal m = DOWN TOWARDS MIDLINE internal and innermost intercostal m = UP AWAY FROM MIDLINE
36
Neurovasculature to the thoracic wall runs between __ and __
internal m and innermost interncostal m
37
Anterior intercostal atrtery comes off of ____
internal thoracic artery
38
You can see the internal thoracic artery running ___
on either side of the sternum
39
Internal thoracic artery gives up branch ____
anterior intercostal artery
40
Posterior intercostal artery comes off of ___
thoracic aorta *except first 2 posterior intercostal arteries
41
Most posterior intercostal arteries come off of ____ The first 2 posterior intercostal arteries come off of ____
most = thoracic aorta first 2 = supreme intercostal artery (branch of costal cervical trunk, branch of subclavian artery)
42
Subclavian artery --> ____ -> _____ --> first 2 posterior intercostal arteries
Subclavian artery -> Costal cervical trunk -> supreme intercostal artery -> first 2 branches of posterior intercostal artery
43
Intercostal vein, artery and nerve lie in the _____, along the inferior margin of the rib
costal groove
44
Intercostal vein, artery and nerve lie in the costal groove, along the ___ margin of the rib
inferior
45
Intercostal v., a., n. run along the costal groove along the inferior margin of the rib These pass in the plane between ___ and __
internal intercostal m and innermost intercostal m
46
From superior to inferior, name the contents of the costal groove (intercostal v., a., n.)
SUPERIOR -> INFERIOR VEIN -> ARTERY -> NERVE
47
Collateral nerves., artery and vein in teh thoracic wall arise from _____
intercostal n., a., v.
48
Collateral n., a., v. from intercostal n., a., v are located ____
at the superior margin of the rib below | below where the intercostal v., a., n are located
49
From superior to inferior, name the order of the collateral branches of intercostal v., a., n.
SUPERIOR -> INFERIOR NERVE -> ARTERY -> VEIN
50
What is the relationship between anterior intercostal vasculature and posterior intercostal vasculature?
anastomose with each other
51
Deep to the intercostal space is the ____
pleural cavity/lungs
52
Pleural cavities are located on either side of the ___
mediastinum
53
Pleural cavities are POTENTIAL SPACE enclosed between __ and __
visceral and serous pleura
54
Are the pleural cavities a real cavity? What is it filled with?
no potential space a few mm of serous fluid
55
Pleura is ____
serous secreting membranes that reduce friction
56
Parietal pleura covers ___ Visceral pleura covers ___
Parietal pleura covers THORACIC WALL Visceral pleura covers LUNGS
57
What is the sensory nerve supply for parietal pleura vs. visceral pleura?
parietal pleura - intercostal n and phrenic n visceral pleura - no sensory nerve supply
58
The parietal pleura and visceral pleura are continuous at ___
the root of the lung
59
What are the sub-categories of the parietal pleura?
cervical pleura costal pleura diaphragmatic pleura mediastinal pleura (associated w/ closest area)
60
The pleural cavity is a POTENTIAL SPACE that normally contains a very thin layer of ___
serous fluid
61
What is pleural effusion?
pathological accumulation of excess fluid within the pleural space
62
What does pleural effusion lead to?
compressed lungs | difficulty breathing
63
How does pleural effusion appear on chest films?
pleural effusions are visible on chest films can obscure lungs on film
64
What is pneumothorax? What does this lead to?
accumulation of AIR in pleural cavity collapse of lung due to it's own elasticity
65
What is hemothorax? What does this lead to?
accumulation of blood in pleural cavity may cause adhesions and infection if not removed
66
What is pleurisy? what does this lead to?
inflammation of pleura leads to pleural adhesions between parietal and visceral pleura can produce exquisite pain relative to PARIETAL PLEURA (bc visceral pleura doesn't have sensory innervation)
67
Thoracentesis aka ___
pleural tap
68
What is pleural tap (thoracentesis)?
aspiration of fluid from pleural space
69
Pleural taps are often done in what location?
mid-axillary line or slightly posterior between intercostal space 6 or 7
70
If a pleural tap (thoracentesis) needle is located in intercostal space 8 or 9, what can happen?
can pierce diaphragm, liver or spleen so we place need in intercostal space 6 or 7
71
While doing a pleural tap (thoracentesis), you have to position the needle to avoid ____
intercostal n., a., v
72
The right lung has __ lobes The left lung has ___ lobes
Right lung = 3 lobes (superior, middle, lower) Left lung = 2 lobes (superior and inferior)
73
Oblique (major) fissure is found on ___ lung Horizontal (minor) fissure is found ___ lung
Oblique (major) fissure is on left and right lung Horizontal (minor) fissure is on RIGHT only
74
The right lung has impressions of the following structures _____
``` esophagus azygos vein superior vena cava inferior vena cava heart subclavian artery and vein ```
75
The left lung has impressions of the following structures ____
``` esophagus thoracic aorta heart aortic arch left brachiocephalic vein left subclavian artery ```
76
The root of the lung is a SHORT, TUBULAR collection of structures that connects the lungs to the ___
mediastinum
77
The root of the lung consists of ___
bronchi and pulmonaruy artery and vein
78
The root of the lung is covered in a sleeve of ___
pleura
79
What is the pulmonary ligament?
thin, inferior fold of pleura continuing from inferior aspect of root of lung
80
What is within the pulmonary ligament?
mostly empty and collapsed contains only a few lymphatic vessels
81
The opening to the root of the lung is called the ____
hilum
82
The bronchus is composed of ____; so it is the ___ structure in the root of the lung
cartilage thickest
83
What is superior/inferior in the root of the lung: pulmonary artery/vein
Pulmonary artery is ABOVE vein
84
Pulmonary arteries carry ___ to ____ Pulmonary veins carry ___ to ___
Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to heart
85
The pulmonary artery relative to the bronchu is different on R/L side how do you remember where is it located?
RALS RA = RIGHT pulmonary artery is ANTERIOR to bronchus LS = LEFT pulmonary artery is SUPERIOR to bronchus
86
The trachea splits into ____
2 primary (main) bronchi
87
Primary (main) bronchi split into ____
RIGHT: 3 secondary (lobar) bronchi LEFT: 2 secondary (lobar) bronchi
88
Secondary (lobar) bronchi split into ___
RIGHT: 10 tertiary (segmental) bronchi LEFT: 8 tertiary (segmental) bronchi
89
Tertiary bronchi create partitions called ___
bronchopulmonary segment
90
What is the bronchopulmonary segment
area of lung supplied by segmental (tertiary) bronchus supplied by a single branch of pulmonary artery smallest functionally independent regio
91
Sympathetic trunk is located ____ to vertebral column Contributes to ___ plexuses ___ bronchioles
paravertebral contributes to anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses dilates bronchioles
92
Vagus nerve pass ___ to root of lung
posteriorly
93
The vagus nerves are closely applied to what structures?
trachae, esophagus, aorta
94
Vagus nerves contribute to ____ plexuses ___ bronchioles
contribute to anterior/posterior pulmonary plexuses constrict the bronchioles
95
What neurovasculature is associated with the root of the lung?
vagus nn phrenic nn pericardiocophrenic vessels
96
Vagus nn pass ____ to root of lungs
posteriorly
97
Phrenic nn pass ___ to root of lungs Closely applied to ____
anteriorly pericardial sac
98
Pericardiocophrenic vessels run with the ___
phrenic nn
99
Pericardiacophrenic vessels are branches of ____ arteries and ___ veins
internal thoracic artery brachiocephalic vein
100
Bronchial arteries supply nutrients to ____ branch of ____
supply nutrients to bronchi and lungs branch of thoracic aorta or associated branch
101
What lymph vessels and nodes are associated with the lungs?
tracheobronchial nodes ^^ these drain to --> bronchomediastinal trunks
102
Mediastinum is ____ separating the ___
broad, central partition separating the 2 pleural cavities
103
Mediastinum is sub-divided into 4 smaller regions ___
superior | inferior (anterior, middle, posterior)
104
____ divides the superior form inferior mediastinum
sternal angle
105
The mediastinum extends: __ superiorly to __ inferiorly __ anteriorly to __ posteirorly
thoracic inlet (superior) to diaphragm (inferior) Sternum (anterior) to thoracic vertebrae, down to T12 (posteriorly)
106
Middle mediastinum contains what structures
pericardium and heart phrenic nn applied to pericardium pericardiacphrenic vv roots of great vessle sto and from heart
107
Pericardium is a tough __ sac lined with ___
fibrous sac lined with serous membrane
108
Describe the fibrous portion of the pericardium
tough connective tissue outer layer attached to the diaphragm inferiorly
109
Describe the serous portion of the pericardium
divided into parietal and visceral layers
110
Pericardium encloses the __
heart
111
Pericardium is pierced by __ vessels. Name them.
8 vessels ``` superior vena cava inferior vena cava aorta pulmonary trunk 4 pulmonary veins ```
112
Overlying pectoralis major is _____
deep fascia (pectoral fascia)
113
Secretory glands on top of deep fascia (which is on top of pectoralis major) are for ___ glands
lactiferous ducts
114
Lactiferous ducts (ducts from secretory glands) come together to form _____
lactiferous sinuses
115
___ individually open up into the nipple
lactiferous sinuses
116
Anterior intercostal veins drain into ____
internal thoracic vein
117
Internal thoracic vein drains into ___
brachiocephalic vein
118
RIGHT posterior intercostal vein drains into ___
azygos vein
119
LEFT posterior intercostal vein drains into ___
hemiazygos vein or accessory hemaiazygos vein which BOTH drain into azygous vein
120
which is superior / inferior: hemiazygous vein vs. accessory hemiazygous vein where do they drain to?
hemiazogous is inferior accessory hemiazygous is superior both drain into azygous vein
121
Right superior intercostal vein drains into ___
azygos vein
122
Left superior intercostal vein drains into ___
left brachiocephalic
123
Ducts from the secretory glands in breast adipose tissue are called ___
lactiferous ducts
124
Lactiferous ducts open up into ___
lactiferous sinuses
125
Anterior intercostal vein drains into ___
internal thoracic vein
126
Internal thoracic vein drains into ___
brachiocephalic vein
127
Right posterior intercostal vein drains into ___
azygos vein
128
Left posterior intercostal vein drains into ____
``` hemiazygos vein (inferiorly) accessory hemiazygous vein (superiorly) ``` BOTH: drain into azygos vein
129
Azygos vein drains into ___
superior vena cava
130
Right superior intercostal vein drains into ___
azygos vein
131
Left superior intercostal vein drains into ___
left brachicephalic vein

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 (13 decks)

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