Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 > H: Respiratory > Flashcards

H: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory system consists of 2 main things: ___

A

lungs and passages to/from lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 principle functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. air conduction
  2. air filtration
  3. gas exchange (respiration)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. conducting division

2. respiratory division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conducting division

  • what is it?
  • what structures are a part of it?
A

passages leading to sites of gas exchange in lungs

nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachae, bronchi, bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Respiratory division

  • what is it?
  • what structures are a part of it?
A

site of gas exchange

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The conducting division is responsible for conditioning the air.

What does this mean?

A

conditioning = warming, moistening, removal of particulate materals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The conducting division is mostly lined by ____ epithelium

A

respiratory epithelium

ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conducting division:

_____ play major role in conditioning

A

mucous and serous secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mucous covers almost entire luminal surface of ____ pathways

produced by ____

A

conducting pathways

produced by goblet cells and mucous secreting glands in walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___ sweep mucous and other secretions containing trapped particulate matter towards the pharynx

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. olfactory region
  2. respiratory region
  3. nasal vestibule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Olfactory region of nasal cavity

  • located where?
  • lined by what?
A

at apex of nasal cavity

lined by olfactory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Respiratory region of nasal cavity

  • located where?
  • lined by what?
A

largest part of nasal “pyramid”

lined by respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nasal vestibule of nasal cavity

  • located where?
  • lined by what?
A

dilated space outside of nostril
continuous with the face

lined by stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Olfactory epithelium has 5 types of cells present. Name them.

A
  1. olfactory receptor cells
  2. supporting (sustentacular) cells
  3. basal cells
  4. brush cells
  5. olfactory (bowman’s) glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe olfactory receptor cells in olfactory epithelium

A

bipolar olfactory neurons
cilia pick up odor molecules
they bundle together to form a nerve fiber –> brain

they span the thickness of epithelum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe supporting (sustentacular) cells in olfactory epithelium

A

columnar cells

provide mechanical and metabolic support of olfactory receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe basal cells in olfactory epithelium

A

stem cells that are at the BASE

give rise to olfactory receptor cells and supporting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe brush cells in olfactory epithelium

A

they possess microvilli

involved in transduction of general sensory stimulation of mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe olfactory (bowman’s) glands in olfactory epithelium

A

SEROUS GLANDS (instead of goblet cells)

secretions trap and act as solvent for odiferous substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Olfactory (bowman’s) glands: where is the secretory portion? where is the duct?

A

secretory portion in lamina propria

duct in epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The respiratory region of the nasal cavity has 4 types of cells. Name them.

A

ciliated cells
goblet cells
brush cells
basal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe ciliated cells in the respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

tall columnar cells with cilia at top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe goblet cells in the respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

syntehsize and secrete mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe brush cells in the respiratory region of nasal cavity
general sensory receptor cells COLUMNAR cells with short, blunt microvilli
26
Describe basal cells in the respiratory region of nasal cavity
along basement membrane | STEM cell that gives rise to all types of cells in this region
27
The pharynx is divided into 3 regions. Name them and their epithelium.
Nasipharynx - ciliated psuedostratified columnar (bc only in contact w/ air) Oropharynx - nonkeritanized stratified sq ep (bc contact w/ air and food) Laryngopharynx - nonkeritinized stratified sq ep
28
The larynx is the passageway for air between __ and __
oropharynx and trachea
29
What is the organ for speech production
larynx
30
The larynx is formed by what kind of cartilage
hyaline and elastic cartilage
31
Describe the epithelium of vestibular/ventricular folds of larynx
respiratory epithelium | lots of mucous glands
32
Why is there sometimes a patch of stratified squamous epithelium found in the vestibular/ventricular folds of the larynx (which is usually respiratory larynx)?
because of aging lots of smokers of this
33
Describe the epithelium of vocal folds in the larynx
nonkeritinized stratified squamous epithelium because lots of rapid vibrations = need DURABLE epithelium skeletal muscle (from vocalis m) present
34
The trachea wall is made up of 4 layers. Name them
1. mucosa 2. submucosa 3. cartilaginous layer 4. adventitia
35
Describe the mucosa layer of the trachea
ciliated psuedostratified columnar eptihelium on THICK BASEMENT MEMBRANE goblet cells present
36
What is the "mucociliary escalator" and where is it found?
cilia in the mucosa of the trachea provide coordinating sweeping motions of mucous towards pharynx
37
Describe the submucosa of the trachea
loose connective tissue (slightly denser than lamina propria) contains seromucous secreting glands
38
Describe the cartilaginous layer of the trachea
``` C-shaped HYALINE CARTILAGE smooth muscle (trachealis muscle) bridges the gap between the "C" in a fibroelastic membrane ```
39
What happens to the hyaline cartilage of the trachea w/ age?
ossifies
40
Describe the adventitia of the trachea
Connective tissue that binds to trachea and adjacent structures
41
After the trachea, name the components of the conducting division of the respiratory system
``` trachea primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles ```
42
Bronchi initially have the same structure as ____ But they change when ___
trachea change when start branching
43
Bronchi changes from trachea | - what happen to cartilage
cartilage rings are replaced by plates/slivers of hyaline cartilage these ultimately disappear
44
Bronchi changes from trachea | - what happens to smooth muscle
smooth muscle will INCREASE as the cartilage DECREASES
45
Bronchi changes from trachea | - what happens to height of psuedostratified columnar
decreases as bronchi diameter decreases
46
What are the 5 layers of the bronchial wall
1. mucosa 2. muscularis m 3. submucosa 4. cartilage layer 5. adventitia
47
Describe the mucosa layer of bronchi
ciliated psuedostratified epithelium conspicuous basement membrane in primary bronchi, discrete in secondary
48
Describe the muscularis muscle layer of the bronchi
continuous layer of smooth muscle in large bronchi less prominent in smaller bornchi
49
Describe the submucosa layer in bronchi
relatively loose CT | glands are present in larger bronchi
50
Describe the cartilage layer of the bronchi
discontinuous cartilage present becomes smaller as bronchi diameter decreases
51
Describe the adventitia layer of bronchi
outtermost layer moderately dense CT
52
What is the diameter of a bronchiole?
1mm or less
53
Describe the epithelial changes as bronchioles divide larger bronchioles - smaller bronchioles - smallest bronchioles -
epithelium height decreases larger bronchioles - ciliated psuedostrat colum smaller bronchioles - ciliated simple colum smallest bronchiles - ciliated simple cuboidal
54
Describe goblet cells in bronchioles
present in large bronchioles | non in terminal bronchioles
55
Describe cartilage in bronchioles
not present
56
Describe smooth muscle in bronchioles
thick layer of smootch muscle
57
terminal bronchioles are lined with __
ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium
58
What special cell is found in terminal bronchioles
clara cells (interspersed bw ciliated cells)
59
Describe clara cells physically
non-ciliated cells with characteristic DOME SHAPED APICAL SURFACE PROJECTION
60
Describe what clara cells do
secrete a surface-active agent LIPOPROTEIN to prevent luminal adhesion of airway walls
61
Describe the quantitative relationship between clara cells and ciliated cells
clara cells grow in number as ciliated cells decrease in number
62
Walk through the respiratory division of the respiratory system
respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs -> alveoli
63
Describe the epithelium of respiratory bronchioles how does this change from proximal to distal
narrow diameter lined w/ cuboidal epithelium proximal = ciliated and clara cells distal - mostly clara cells
64
Scattered thin walled outpoketings (ALVEOLI) extend from the lumen of ___
respiratory bronchioles
65
What is the first part of bronchial tree that allows for gas exchange?
respiratory bronchioles
66
____ are elongated airways that have almost no walls (only alveoli) as peripheral boundaries, with rings of smooth mucsle
alveolar ducts
67
____ are spaces surrounded by clsuters of alveoli; surrounding alveoli open into them
alveolar sacs
68
Alveoli are surrounded by and separated by each other via ____
alveolar septum (septal wall)
69
Describe the alveolar septum
thin connective tissue layer containing capillaries between adjacent air spaces
70
___ are terminal air spaces | sites for gas exchange between air/blood
alveoli
71
Each alveoli is surrounded by _____
capillary netwrok this brings blood in close proximity to air within alveolus
72
What are the 5 types of cells found in alveolar septum?
1. type I alveolar cells (type I pneumocytes) 2. type II alveolar cells (type II pneumocytes) 3. alveolar macrophages (dust cells) 4. endothelial cells 5. fibroblasts
73
extremely thin squamous cells | line 95% of alveolar surface
type I alveolar cell (type I pneumocyte)
74
cuboidal cell | line 5% of alveolar surface
type II alveolar cell (type II pnuemocyte)
75
bulge into air space | secretory cells that produce/secrete surface-active agent SURFACTANT
type II alveolar cell (type II pneumocyte)
76
remove inhaled particles like dust/pollen from air space
alveolar macrophage aka dust cell
77
the alveolar septum is the site of ___
air blood barrier cell and cell products across which gasses must diffuse
78
Air blood barrie ris composed of what 3 things
1. surface lining adn cytoplasm of alveolar cells 2. fused basal laminae of alveolar cells and capillary cells 3. cytoplasm of endothelial cells

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions